What's the difference?
Following its global launch in February this year, the second-generation 'U10' 2024 BMW X2 and iX2 have landed in Australia.
The coupe SUV range comprises four variants with turbo-petrol and pure electric models sitting alongside each other in showrooms with precious few visual differences.
That'll either be a good or bad thing, depending on how much you want to parade your choice to go for current or combustion.
More clear cut is the X2's new – and more sensible – position in BMW's SUV line-up. Rather than a quirky curio that's smaller and less practical than the X1, the 20cm longer gen-two X2 finally makes sense in BMW's X line-up.
To see if the driving experience and build quality live up the shiny new exterior, we've been invited to Tasmania to sample the new car's attributes on typically testing (and picturesque) roads.
Throughout its history Volvo has been known for a lot of things. Being a safety leader, dorky but endearing station wagons, ‘bloody Volvo drivers’, and more recently, a trailblazer in minimalist premium design.
The C40 is the first step in a next chapter for Volvo, with the brand wanting to be known next for its leadership in the electric space. For the first time for Volvo, it’s a fully electric offering
But in a world of Teslas, Polestars, and Mercedes Benz EQs, where does the C40 sit, and is it worth considering in an increasingly congested premium small SUV space?
We went to its Australian launch to find out.
The second-generation BMW X2 is leagues better than the car it replaces. It now sits nicely in BMW's line-up and offers genuinely tempting electric variants.
This isn't an affordable car by any means but next to rivals from Mercedes-Benz and Volvo, the well-equipped iX2 xDrive30 feels a complete package.
Similarly, the entry-level xDrive20i petrol is a very compelling choice with a comfortable ride and sporty drive.
We'd skip the contrived M35i unless your heart is set on going quickly in a straight line. With the thinking cap on, it's also hard to make a case for the X2 over the objectively better (and more affordable) X1. Then there's the more spacious, powerful, efficient and cheaper Tesla Model Y.
That's not really the point of this car, though. It'll never sell in as many numbers as the X1. Those who love its fastback styling will be pleasantly surprised by the new X2. It does what it says on the tin, marrying the BMW badge with a sporty drive and daring style.
Note: CarsGuide attended this event as a guest of the manufacturer, with travel, accommodation and meals provided.
The C40 becomes a compelling option in the electrified small SUV space, offering a premium look and feel, great range and tech inclusions at the price, as well as awesome on-road dynamics.
Its main downsides are the rear seat, which is compromised by its platform and design-led roofline, and the overwhelming power and added traction of the dual-motor makes the single motor less attractive on the value front.
Still, regardless of variant chosen, the C40 looks to offer a stand-out balance of price, range, and performance, against its traditional rivals and newcomers alike.
The entire point of the BMW X2 is to grab attention and promote conversation. The X2's new-found success comes mainly from bigger proportions - it's grown 194mm over its predecessor and 54mm longer than X1.
It's 64mm taller and sits on tracks that have been pumped by 21mm. All the changes are built into the latest iteration of BMW/Mini's transverse UKL2 platform.
The result is presence and swagger on the road for the X2. Even the base car grabs attention, while electric iX2 variants get unique closed-off grilles and a different front bumper treatment.
It's the M35i thats most eye-catching, though. A jutting lower spoiler and butch stance highlighted by horizontal kidney grille slats and quad exhaust tips. Our test car was finished with massive (and optional) 21-inch alloy wheels.
As successful as the whole package is, there are fussy elements: the boxy rear end, awkward spoiler and peculiar tail-lights. From some very specific angles there's even a hint of SsangYong Actyon to the proportions.
The iX2 and X2 aren't made to appease everyone, though, so you don't have to love it.
Inside is a different story with elegant simplicity the X2's remit. It's much like an X1 in layout with crisply integrated curved screens running the latest iDrive 'OS9'.
Apple CarPlay was faultless (wireless Android Auto is also included) yet connected navigation makes it easy to rely on BMW's in-house features.
You get 90 days free use of BMW Digital Premium, which includes the ability to download games and apps as well as more advanced connected navigation. After the trial, you'll need to pay monthly ($9.99) or annually ($109) for the services.
The X2's door pulls and handles are particularly nice to interact with, blending visual lightness with reassuring sturdiness.
Volvo has become a brand with a distinctive and consistent design language which embodies the kind of beautiful minimalism normally associated with Scandinavian brands.
I have always liked how Volvo says more with less design elements, with only gentle touches of chrome or gloss black, and a lack of over-the-top sporty pieces avoiding the temptation to over-sell the sporty potential of the brand’s range.
The C40 takes the small SUV formula, well established by its XC40 relation, and gets a bit weird and experimental. It’s slightly lower and has a more coupe-styled rear, with a strongly raked rear window giving it a sportier and more aggressive look than the rest of Volvo’s SUV range.
The styling is sold by an angular spoiler piece running atop the boot, and the rear light clusters have gone all minimalist, constructed of individual pieces rather than a single transparent housing, and they give a nod to the C30 hatchback which this car is the spiritual successor to, by name and nature.
The interior offers up no surprises, sticking to the formula Volvo has established across all of its current models. An effortlessly premium space with, again, a minimalistic dash dominated by the portrait touchscreen, the C40’s premium nature is confirmed by its finely patterned inlays, simple chrome pieces, and abundance of soft-touch surfaces.
The big upright vent fittings with clever rhomboid patterns on their adjustment dials are always a highlight piece of modern Volvos, and the pattern work is continued on the central volume adjust dial and even on the little rotating pieces of the light and wiper stalks. Clever.
Even the software is paired back on the multimedia suite and digital dashboard, with easy to use shortcuts and simple menus which suit the car.
Volvo might turn off some buyers with the more unconventional shape of the C40. But for those looking for a more traditional SUV it also offers the XC40 in the same two variants, and the Polestar 2 caters to those not looking for an SUV at all.
Despite the X2 living dangerously in the style department, it hasn't sacrificed cabin practicality – at least in the front seat.
A vertical wireless charging pad holds a phone in like a kid on a rollercoaster (important, as you'll read later, because the X2 range has some serious back-road talent) with nearby USB-C plugs for additional charge.
The door bins easily fit a one-litre camping bottle, there's good storage for small bags beneath the floating armrest (which has a very small cubby for keys or mints) and a sizeable glove box.
As you'd expect from a German-built BMW (all X2s hail from Regensburg) build quality is excellent... save for the flimsy indicator stalks. The latest oblong engage with a limp click that's a far cry from the damped thump of older BMWs, such as the E90 3 Series.
The cabin materials are pleasing to touch with quality stitching and soft padding on heavy touch areas. Geometrically patterned trim inserts add some cabin flare and look sturdy as well.
The X2 and iX2's back seat is not as good as the BMW X1's – none of the proverbial thanks, Sherlock.
Under the sloping roof headroom will be acceptable for 175cm adults and knee room is passable. Despite sharing underpinnings between electric and combustion variants there's minimal spatial compromise.
There are ISOFIX ports and top tether anchors for all seating positions. Vents are mounted in the centre console and there is a fold-out armrest with cup holders. Doors open relatively wide for a 'coupe' as well.
Of some concern is the X2's narrow bench; the body-work sculpted appearance of the coupe tail results in lots of shoulder room intrusion. To put it in simple terms, it's best capped at four occupants.
The boot is at least very generous, offering between 525L (iX2) and 560L (X2) of VDA space.
The load bay is long and there is no load lip to lift items over. Seats fold in a 40:20:40 configuration, growing capacity up to 1400L.
Neither the X2 or iX2 is fitted with a spare tyre, so its mobility kits for X2 owners.
The C40 is essentially a XC40 with a cropped down roofline, and there are some obvious downsides which this new shape brings.
The front seat throws no surprises, though, offering plenty of room for two adults with a welcome level of adjustability for the seat and wheel. The seats could be more comfortable, though, with a notable lack of padding in the base compared to some luxury (or even non-luxury) rivals.
I’m a fan of the fabric trim which comes on both grades, bucking the trend of needing to have leather or leather-like trim for a car to feel ‘premium’.
The ample window space up front, including the massive glass roof helps the C40’s cabin feel spacious, but the view out the rear with its aggressive design is all but a very limited letterbox aspect, particularly if the rear seat headrests are in the upright position.
While some controls are exclusively via touch interface, there is a physical volume dial, and shortcut buttons for the defogger functions.
Temperature is controlled by touch, however, and the detail settings have some smaller toggle adjustments. Tricky to jab at when you’re on the move.
The digital dash is refreshingly simple, but minimally adjustable, with the choice of either a nifty navigation screen, a blank screen, or trip details being the only options.
Cabin storage is good but not stellar. There are bottle holders and big pockets in the doors, a set of two cupholders in the centre (beats the Polestar 2’s single cupholder), a small tray with a wireless charger under the multimedia screen, and a smallish console armrest box.
The rear seat is where the real problem exists. Unlike the XC40, the C40’s cropped roofline means my head was hard up against the roof (I’m 182cm tall).
I did have decent knee room behind my own seating position, however the seat comfort in the back still isn’t as good as some rivals.
The middle position is also compromised, thanks to the raised centre floor piece the C40’s platform needs to facilitate all-wheel drive in its combustion relations.
A bottle holder appears in each door pocket, and in a rare inclusion, there are heated outboard rear seats, adjustable air vents, and USB-C charging ports.
The boot has a quoted capacity of 413 litres with the rear seats up. The floor is comparatively high suggesting a smallish space when loaded with luggage cases, for instance. Stay tuned for a follow-up review so we can see how well it holds our three-piece demo set.
The floor itself has an adjustable, pop-up divider and multiple luggage hooks, making it quite versatile, and there is a cavity beneath which can hold your charging cables as well as the inflator kit in place of a spare wheel.
The 2024 BMW X2 range spans $75,900 to $92,900 before on-road costs. Surprisingly, it's the M35i that's dearest, rather than the electric iX2 xDrive30 ($85,700).
There's no three-cylinder price leader in the X2 range as there is in the X1 and your body kit choice is M Sport, which explains why, trim-for-trim, the X2 xDrive20 $5000 dearer.
Once you've added the $3000 M Sport pack to the X1 xDrive30, though, you're only $2000 off the X2 for equivalent spec levels.
Some highlights include 'Veganza' artificial leather upholstery (in black, Oyster or Mocha), 19-inch alloy wheels, M Sport kit including adaptive dampers, 'Iconic Glow' illuminated kidney grilles, adaptive LED headlights, head-up display and 10.7-inch touchscreen with BMW's slick ninth-gen operating system – this equipment is shared with the iX2 xDrive30.
The $82,900 (before on-road costs) single-motor iX2 eDrive20 is more basic, missing adaptive cruise control, lane-trace assist, power seat adjust and front seat heating. All EV models include tyre pressure monitoring, acoustic pedestrian warning, 12-month Chargefox subscription, and Mode 2 and 3 charging cables.
Being a BMW there are options on the table. An enhancement pack comprises metallic paint, a sunroof, Harman/Kardon sound system, steering wheel heating and adjustable lumbar support with massage function for $3615 on the iX2 xDrive30 and $4700 on the X2 xDrive20.
Cleverly, BMW has priced the iX2 xDrive30 beneath the luxury car tax threshold – significantly benefiting those looking at buy via a novated lease – even with the enhancement pack and metallic paint. Something Mercedes-Benz hasn't been able to achieve with its $102,900 twin-motor EQA350 rival.
An M Sport Package Pro is available for all variants adding dark finish headlights and extended piano black exterior trim, M Compound brakes, M seatbelts and 20-inch 'style 873' alloy wheels.
That pack is gratis on the flagship M35i xDrive which benefits from a higher 233kW tune of its 2.0-litre turbo-petrol four-cylinder and a torsen limited-slip differential on its front axle.
The pictured M35i was finished in $5000 worth of matte paint, in this case Frozen Pure grey. Portimao blue is also available along with regular metallic paint ($1800).
When it comes to electric vehicles, it’s impossible to consider price alone, as you also have to consider driving range, and the C40 manages to impress on both fronts.
Its refreshingly simplified range consists of just two highly-specified variants, a single motor which starts from $74,990, offering a 434km driving range, or a dual motor starting from $82,490 which offers a 420km driving range.
There’s much more devil in the detail, but to set the scene there are now quite a few direct rivals in this price-bracket, including everything from the Tesla Model Y (from $72,300), Mercedes-Benz EQA (from $78,513), Polestar 2 (from $63,900) and even the Kia Niro which is similarly sized and specified (from $65,300).
Interestingly, the C40 is closely related to the Polestar 2, but has a much higher base starting price. Volvo says this is because it carries a higher standard specification, and offers the C40 without option packs.
Standard gear on the base single motor C40 includes 19-inch alloy wheels, a 9.0-inch portrait multimedia touchscreen (running a Google-based always-online software suite), LED headlights, dual-zone climate control, a fixed panoramic sunroof, electrically adjustable front seats, heated seats for the front two and outboard rear seats, a powered tailgate, as well as keyless entry with touch-free ignition.
Interestingly, Volvo also told us some 90 per cent of customer interest so far has been for the more expensive dual-motor variant, which is particularly impressive for doubling the power output while adding 20-inch alloy wheels, a 360-degree parking suite, premium Harmon Kardon audio, and an alternate interior trim.
Both variants score safety equipment and items which are otherwise part of expensive option packs in the Polestar 2 range. We’ll take a look at the full safety gear later in this review.
Overall, the C40 impresses on the premium car value front compared to rivals, bolstered by solid range and impressive performance.
BMW's internal combustion engines are responsive and slick in the X2, while the iX2's well-calibrated electric powertrains deliver pleasingly instant pick-up.
The range kicks off with a heavily revised version of BMW's all-aluminium 'B48' 2.0-litre four-cylinder in xDrive20i tune. It produces 150kW and 300Nm, enough to hit 100km/h in 7.4 seconds from rest.
Like the xDrive20i, the M35i employs a seven-speed dual-clutch transmission driving all four wheels.
Australian M35is are more powerful than European models, developing 233kW and 400Nm for a 0-100km/h sprint in 5.4 seconds. A freer-flowing exhaust is augmented with active sounds for a fruity (if synthetic) note.
BMW offers a pair of electric powertrains with the 150kW front-drive eDrive20 and twin-motor 230kW/494Nm iX2 xDrive30.
We only sampled the more powerful one which features Hans Zimmer-composed sound scapes and an impressive turn of pace, hitting 100km/h in 5.6 seconds (claimed).
It is limited to a 180km/h top speed which may pose an issue on German Autobahns but is no trouble in Australia.
Great news here, the C40 can be chosen with two powerful layouts, either a front-wheel drive 170kW/330Nm set-up, or a dual-motor all-wheel drive arrangement, able to make use of nearly double the power at 300kW/660Nm. The dual-motor is capable of sprinting from 0-100km/h in just 4.7 seconds.
The front-drive is backed by a 69kWh battery allowing it a 434km range, while the dual motor ups the battery size to 78kWh to allow a 420km driving range.
Rated at 7.5L/100km (xDrive20i) and 7.8L/100km (M35i), after a 130km jaunt, the M35i's trip computer showed 9.8L/100km.
Premium 95 RON or higher is required and the fuel tank holds 54 litres.
For the iX2 xDrive30, consumption was above the WLTP rating. We saw 18.2kWh/100km on our hilly country route which would equate to 356km from a charge of the 64.8kWh lithium-ion battery battery.
The 417km WLTP driving range figure is at 15.5kWh/100km, we'd expect to get closer to the rated figures in more typical urban and suburban use cases.
Regenerative braking was quite pronounced (there are four setting: Adaptive, Low, Moderate and High) and on a descent into Hobart the xDrive30 managed to boost charge levels from 27 to 29 per cent.
As for regular charging, the iX2 will take DC electricity at 130kW, meaning 29 minutes from 10 to 80 per cent. That interval allows you to roam around 290km between charging stops on a long run.
One great aspect of both iX2 variants are their fast 22kW AC charging capability. It means the iX2 can go from flat-full in under four hours, rather than eight hours on an 11kW wallbox.
Though most owners won't have access to three-phase electricity, this suits public charging – such as at shopping centres or destinations – very well.
Another boon is BMW's inclusion of both Mode 2 and Mode 3 charging cables and a 12-month ChargeFox subscription.
Home wallbox installation isn't included in the deal (Lexus offers this with its UX300e) though BMW does offer the service at a cost for those who want it.
Surprisingly, energy consumption is quite high for both C40 variants. The single motor is the more efficient of the two, consuming 16.8kWh/100km on the more lenient ADR testing schedule, while the dual motor officially consumes 22.2kWh/100km to the same standard. I saw around 23kWh/100km overall in my short test of the dual-motor variant.
Energy consumption could be better for both, as I have achieved more consistently impressive results particularly from Hyundai and Kia electric cars.
Where the C40 is more impressive though is its charging specs, which are exactly where they need to be for a car this size. On a rapid DC charger, the C40 can charge at a rate of 150kW meaning a 10 - 80 percent charge in 40 minutes for the dual motor, or 32 minutes for the single motor.
On the slower AC standard, the C40 charges at a rate of 11kW. Expect a 10 - 80 percent charge time of around five or six hours on this standard.
The C40 uses a European-standard Type 2 CCS charging port, although it misses out on the handy two-way charging feature offered by some rivals.
The previous-generation X2 always felt a bit more Audi or Volkswagen than BMW in the way it went down a road.
This latest iteration has a secure, dynamic balance more in-keeping with the blue-and-white roundel and is far more impressive than its predecessor.
We spent our first leg in the performance-oriented M35i. The punchy engine, front-biased AWD and slick transmission felt just right in the sporty small SUV.
It sits 15mm lower than the other variants on differently tuned springs and adaptive dampers.
The M35i holds onto the tarmac like a limpet with minimal body roll at very high limits partly thanks to the efficiency-oriented 245/35R21 Continental Eco Contact 6 Q tyres.
Yet this comes at the cost of adjustability. With such tight rebound damping in Sport and Sport Plus modes, the M35i's body is too tied down. Even in Comfort, the M35i hopped and fidgeted over Tasmania's broken tarmac, a trait not aided by the 21-inch alloys.
We would have preferred more build-up in the steering weight, too, given the sporting intentions. That chubby wheel rim does its best to remove any sensation of feedback, too.
BMW's iDrive is mostly fantastic except when it comes to changing drive modes, which you need to do fairly regularly in the M35i.
More than just normal – or Personal here – there's configurable Sport and Efficiency modes. There's also Digital Art and other less useful options.
Thankfully, the xDrive20 is much sweeter. Even optioned up with the 20-inch alloy wheels the ride is a lot more agreeable and well-suited to Tasmania's lumpy roads.
All the damper modes were usable with Sport providing welcome extra support without being too strict. Turning into corners felt more natural in the xDrive20 thanks to a bit more body roll which helps communicate grip levels.
The xDrive20i did feel low on grunt after the M35i and iX2 xDrive30 but that was only in a direct comparison - grunt levels were plenty once accustomed. We did miss the M35i's front limited-slip differential on loose surfaces, but it wasn't a deal breaker.
Seeing that the iX2 xDrive30's kerb weight was 325kg higher than the M35i (2020kg) set alarm bells going initially. That's a lot of extra weight for a 'small SUV' to be carrying around, and is beyond a Tesla Model Y Long Range (1979kg).
The iX2 uses the same kinematics and suspension components as the petrol cars but in completely retuned states. Encouragingly, the result is rather excellent.
You do notices the weight when pushing through patchily surfaced corners. The iX2 bobbles and hops occasionally as you approach the damper's limits, but to their credit they never gave up.
That light steering – which is frustrating in the M35i – aids to disguise the xDrive30's extra mass, too. As all X2's are front-biased AWD models, they never quite reach the dynamic heights of BMW's Cluster Architecture models.
Still, grunt is prodigious and, although it's officially slower than the M35i, the xDrive30's rolling response is predictably excellent. BMW has done a great job calibrating the regenerative braking, too.
I found Moderate was my preference, and because the brake pedal blends caliper and regenerative forces you lose precious little range from not having it jacked all the way up.
The iX2 is quiet inside, too. There's almost no wind intrusion and tyre roar is kept to a bare minimum inside, especially impressive given that the M35i sends quite some road noise into the cabin.
Returning through Hobart's outer suburbs, we notice some shortcomings. The iX2's high bonnet, low-set seating position and letterbox rear glass with protruding rear lip spoiler mean visibility is compromised. The X1 doesn't suffer from such issues.
That's the cost of visual flare and the excellent 360-degree camera and head-up display help to alleviate guesswork and keep eyes on the road.
The M35i didn't feel the most complete on the road. If you're chasing a sporty coupe statement at this kind of price, the BMW 230i coupe is a great driver's car.
Instead, you're better to spend money on either the xDrive20i or iX2 xDrive30 with some choice options and enjoy a slick coupe SUV driving experience.
If you’ve driven any kind of XC40 or even a Polestar 2 before, the C40 will offer no surprises. It’s pretty much exactly the same from behind the wheel with a few subtle tweaks.
This is a very good thing. The C40 is quiet, easy to drive, and its electric motor and regen system offer a smooth single-pedal experience.
It is also alarmingly, overwhelmingly, rapid. While its massive set of batteries under the floor make it feel heavy off the line in stop-start traffic, sticking your boot into the accelerator will remove any doubt, particularly in the dual-motor variant, that this Volvo means business.
The dual-motor also has an incredible torque-vectoring system, making it extremely difficult to elicit so much as a squeak from its tyres. It also feels as though torque is distributed quite evenly between its two driven axles, making it feel neither prone to over- or understeer.
This has the effect of making the C40 feel somewhat indestructible in the corners, with absurd levels of grip.
The same feeling is present in top-spec versions of the Polestar 2, only the feeling of ever-present weight is more noticeable in the higher-riding C40, which can make it unsettling to take corners at the kinds of speeds it is capable of.
The steering tune is interesting. Volvo offers two software-controlled modes, either heavy or standard, and the standard mode is heavy enough.
Despite its electrical assistance, the wheel does continue to offer some organic feedback, making the C40 a pleasure to steer on countryside roads.
The ride is also surprisingly good, despite massive wheel options. I was impressed how easily the C40 handled most bumps and undulations, communicating little to the cabin.
The ride can approach its limits with such big wheels and the weight of its batteries, generally these are communicated via unsettling thuds from underneath the car. Regular undulations at higher speeds also had the C40 bouncing around a little.
On the whole, though, the cabin is kept relatively insulated and serene, adding an element of total confidence, similar to that offered by Teslas, whilst offering better ride quality with a softer edge. At higher speed, at least on the 20-inch wheels, road noise does pick up, however.
In terms of electric driving, there is a single adjustable setting for regen. The car either offers a full single pedal mode with maximum regenerative braking to bring the car to a halt with the motor alone, or a ‘standard’ mode which tones the regen down and offers it blended in via the brake pedal.
Single pedal mode is more efficient. I suggest you stick to it if you want to make the most of this car’s efficiency.
I was surprised to have so few complaints about the C40’s drive experience. This is a balanced and capable EV which is yet another example of how even vehicles which use combustion platforms are improved out of sight by full electrification.
The BMW X2 and iX2 are yet to be rated by ANCAP or Euro NCAP.
The X1 and its electric cousin scored five star ratings in 2022 under a less stringent set of tests.
Standard safety equipment includes seven airbags, frontal AEB with day/night pedestrian and cyclist detection, blind-spot monitoring, adaptive cruise control, speed sign detection, lane-departure warning, lane-keep assist and driver attention monitoring.
Systems such as anti-lock brakes, electronic bake force distribution and electronic stability control are all standard.
Sticking to its brand promise, Volvo offers the full range of active safety equipment on the C40 regardless of variant.
This includes freeway-speed auto emergency braking, rear auto braking, lane keep assist with lane departure warning, blind spot monitoring with rear cross-traffic alert, and one of the best adaptive cruise control systems on the market.
The only item the single motor misses out on is a 360-degree parking camera, which is exclusive to the dual motor variant.
It is notable how the adaptive cruise control, blind spot monitoring rear cross-traffic alert, and rear auto braking are on the options list for the Polestar 2.
These active systems combined with eight airbags (the standard dual front, side, and curtain, as well as a driver’s knee and centre airbag) make for a five-star ANCAP safety rating to the latest 2022 standards.
Since 2022, BMW has backed all of its cars with a five-year/unlimited kilometre warranty.
You’ll need to service the iX2 ands X2 based on condition, rather than kilometres traveled. The multimedia system will prompt you when it's time to visit a workshop.
You can pay upfront for service plans with BMW: a five-year servicing package will cost you $3171 for the petrol X2s, while the iX2 is $2186 for six years.
The C40 is covered by Volvo’s five year and unlimited kilometre warranty, with a separate eight-year, 160,000km warranty for the battery. There is also eight years of roadside assistance attached.
It is pleasing to see the service intervals for the C40 are long, as they should be for an electric car with so few moving parts, set at two years or 30,000km.
The first 24 month service is free of charge, and Volvo tells us service pricing after this period will average out to around $100 a year ($200 per visit).