Tradie Advice

Driving an overloaded vehicle is dangerous and illegal. Beyond the risks to your personal safety and that of other road users, it can also extract a heavy price in mechanical wear and tear – and potential failure. If caught, you face heavy fines and your vehicle could be impounded by police or transport authorities. And any insurance claims can be rejected by your insurer.So, overloading is a serious issue, yet it’s probably widespread simply because many vehicle owners are unaware of the problem. So, how do you know if your vehicle is overloaded? And what can you do about it? By following these steps, you can ensure that your ute, commercial van or SUV is on the right side of the law. And it all starts with three letters – GVM.Every vehicle has a GVM rating. It’s an acronym of Gross Vehicle Mass which is the maximum your vehicle can legally weigh when fully loaded, as specified by the manufacturer. You’ll find this GVM figure in the owner’s manual or on the vehicle’s weight placard, which is usually displayed in the driver’s door opening.So, GVM is the sum of the vehicle’s kerb weight (how much the base vehicle weighs with all fluids including a full tank of fuel) plus any accessories (bull bars, roof racks, tow bars etc) plus its payload, which is how much weight you can legally add on top of the kerb weight and accessories. So that’s everything you load into the vehicle, including driver and passengers.But that’s not all. If you’re towing, GVM also includes the trailer’s tow-ball download. And if your vehicle is a cab-chassis design, the weight of the tray or body installed on the back is also included in the GVM figure. So, all of this can easily tip the scales too far.For example, let’s say your new cab-chassis light commercial has a 3000kg GVM, which when you deduct its 2000kg kerb weight leaves a payload capacity of 1000kg. That’s one tonne and that’s plenty, you might say.However, after you install some accessories like a steel drop-side tray (300kg), bull bar and side steps (150kg) plus tow bar (50kg), which all contribute to the GVM, you’ve already effectively halved your payload capacity to 500kg.Then get two big blokes to climb aboard (200kg) and throw in their tools of trade (100kg) and you’ll only have 200kg of legal payload remaining. And that’s before what many would consider to be the ‘real’ payload like building materials, landscaping supplies, plant and equipment etc. So, you can see from this example how easy it is to exceed your vehicle’s GVM.And this problem is not exclusive to utes and cab-chassis vehicles. It’s equally relevant to hard-working commercial vans equipped with roof racks, ladders, internal storage systems etc. And SUVs loaded with aftermarket accessories, particularly heavy-duty models which often have big caravans, boat trailers or horse floats in tow.The easiest way to check is by using your nearest public weighbridge. They’re easy to find with a quick search online and they generally charge moderate fees. The design of public weighbridges can vary from the traditional single deck or multiple decks with an operator on site, to self-serve 24/7 kiosks with automated credit card payment.Checking your vehicle’s GVM is as simple as positioning all four wheels on the weighing deck with a full tank of fuel, no payload and no driver. If it’s over the GVM rating displayed on the vehicle weight placard, then Houston, we have a problem.However, even if it’s below the GVM rating, you’re still not in the clear because you also need to weigh it with the payload it usually carries. For example, if it’s a tradie’s workhorse, that must include driver and all crew, tools and equipment. If it’s a weekend escape machine, that’s with driver and all passengers, luggage and camping gear. You may then discover it’s above the GVM rating.In either case, if you regularly tow something when your vehicle is loaded like this (plant, caravan, boat trailer, horse float etc) you also have to include your trailer’s tow-ball download (TBD) in the GVM figure. This can also be measured by driving your vehicle onto the weighing deck, with your trailer in tow but without its wheels on the deck. This check could reveal that your vehicle and trailer combination is also overweight (see GCM later in this article).There’s also maximum or 'gross' loadings that your vehicle’s front and rear axles can legally carry, as specified by the manufacturer. You’ll find these figures in the owner’s manual too. The combined gross axle weights usually exceed the GVM to provide a safety margin. Even so, it’s important to know that your vehicle’s GVM is distributed correctly between front and rear axles for safe and efficient operation. These weights are measured by firstly stopping with only the front wheels on the weighing deck and then with only the rear wheels on the weighing deck.Theoretically at least, the easiest and most inexpensive remedy for overloading is to reduce the vehicle’s weight. However, that’s often easier said than done, as most accessories are either crucial for working roles (tool drawers and cabinets, ladder racks etc) or recreational use (long-range fuel tanks, bull bars, roof racks, winches etc). And you can’t simply dump your crew either!So, if you can’t reduce your vehicle’s weight, the only alternative is to increase its GVM rating.There are numerous aftermarket suppliers that offer GVM upgrades. Reputable ones have done the hard yards in terms of testing and engineering analysis to ensure that your vehicle’s OEM components are not compromised and their work is backed by government-approved certification. So, don’t waste your time and money, nor risk your safety, with a backyard operator who can’t provide the same.From a legal standpoint, there are two ways to do this. If you’re buying a new vehicle and getting a GVM upgrade before its road registered for the first time, the installer (if approved by the Commonwealth Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development) is authorised to fit a new compliance plate to the vehicle. That means it can be legally registered and driven in all states and territories of Australia with the higher GVM rating.For vehicles that are already road registered, the approval process for GVM upgrades is a state/territory responsibility, with protocols that vary according to the different road transport authorities. The GVM upgrade may have to be inspected by an authorised automotive engineer in the state/territory where the vehicle's registered before being issued with a compliance certificate.If the vehicle is later sold interstate, it may need to be inspected again by an authorised automotive engineer before being granted road registration in another state or territory. A reputable installer will be able to advise on all legal requirements for GVM upgrades to new and used vehicles.A quality installer should firstly confirm your weighbridge findings by doing its own assessment of your vehicle’s front and rear axle weights and individual wheel weights (aka corner weights). This will allow the installer to advise on the best course of action, in not only increasing the GVM but also optimising front and rear axle loadings.A typical GVM upgrade, depending on vehicle type, can range from around 300kg to more than 600kg in some cases. They typically consist of uprated front and rear springs and shock absorbers, which replace the original bolt-on equipment with no chassis modifications required. They can also result in a slight increase in ride height to provide more body-tyre clearance and, in some cases, harder compound brake pads are included.Shop around to get more than one assessment (ideally two or three for comparison) and don’t be afraid to ask questions. A quality supplier will be more than happy to answer them. And always make sure they have the government certification mentioned earlier and back their products with a nationwide warranty.Another important acronym in this discussion is Gross Combination Mass (GCM) which is the maximum weight allowed for your vehicle and trailer combined, as specified by the tow vehicle’s manufacturer. You could be excused for thinking that because your vehicle has a standard GCM rating of say 6000kg, then a 300kg GVM upgrade is going to increase its GCM by the same amount, right? Wrong. A GVM upgrade does not increase the GCM rating. However, some states do permit GCM upgrades, which require their own specific engineer analysis and certification.In most cases, a quality GVM upgrade with the correct certification will not void your vehicle’s warranty. However, it’s always best to check with both the installer and your vehicle’s manufacturer that your warranty will not be affected. While you’re at it, also consult your insurance company to determine if any amendments are required to your policy to ensure there are no GVM-related problems if you make a claim.

If you’re in the market for a ute, what does $20K buy you these days?

You may have seen utes, trucks and buses with brightly-coloured caps or oddly-shaped rings or straps attached to their wheel nuts and wondered what they were for. They’re called loose wheel nut indicators (LWNI), commonly seen on vehicles used in mining operations and increasingly popular on government and commercial fleets. They can also be of great benefit to private vehicle owners.

To describe the Ford Ranger as having taken Australia by storm is a little like saying sliced bread has proven something of a success.

Dual cab utes are very popular and a big part of their buyer appeal is the promise of work-and-play versatility. That is, a workhorse or family car during the week and a go-anywhere escape machine on the weekend. So, no second car in the driveway. Sounds great huh? However, here’s a few practical things to consider if you’re planning to replace it with a dual cab ute. We know what you’re thinking. A ute has a cargo tub that makes a car boot look like a shoebox, so carting around the weekly groceries and other shopping should be a breeze. Well, yes, your shopping will get plenty of breeze - plus rain, hail, snow and sun if it doesn’t have some form of protection from the elements, like a hard canopy or at least a tonneau cover, which aren’t always included as standard equipment.Accessing this huge ‘boot’ also requires opening and closing a heavy tailgate, which has to be lowered and raised by hand each time. There’s no waving your ankle under the rear bumper for automatic opening here, folks. You’ll also notice that the load floor is much higher than a car’s, so be prepared to lift your shopping much higher too.You’ll also want your shopping bags lined up parallel with and just inside the tailgate, to make them easiest to get to when you have to unload again. However, if you don’t have some form of cargo net or hard barrier installed immediately in front of these bags, the first time you brake your groceries will topple forward onto the load floor with considerable force. You may then discover some new recipes given the sudden blending of ingredients that occurs – usually involving eggs.Perhaps this is why many dual cab ute owners pack their weekly shopping on the cabin’s rear seat and floor instead, which is obviously not ideal if you have passengers or worse if you’re involved in a bingle. It can also be inconvenient to load if parking space is tight, with limited room along the side for trolley access and door-opening. Sedans, hatches, wagons and SUVs share the common convenience of a lockable boot with inherent theft and weather protection. These are particularly useful in not only providing clean and dry storage for shopping but also carting the kids’ backpacks and sports bags to and from school each day.On longer journeys they also provide clean and dry storage of soft items needed in the passenger area from time to time, which can be usually be retrieved internally like jumpers, jackets, pillows, blankets, food items etc.A dual cab ute can’t offer this convenience. Most have several storage bins, bottle holders and cup holders in the cabin, but with a full crew of five on board you’ll soon find those nooks quickly filled and be looking for more space.And if you want to use the cargo tub as a boot - even if it’s fitted with a tonneau cover, hard cover or canopy - you’re not assured that your belongings will remain clean and dry, as dust and water can enter through gaps at each end of the tailgate. The interior of a dual cab ute can look very spacious and accommodating in a glossy sales brochure or on a test drive, particularly when it’s just you and the salesperson riding in the front seats. However, the gloss can wear off quickly if you have to seat three teenagers or adults across the rear bench, because you might find it just as (if not more) squeezy than a car.The two outer seating positions generally offer an adequate level of comfort for adults and lanky teens, even allowing for the lack of backrest rake adjustment. However, squeeze another one in the middle and you could soon have a mutiny on your hands if you’re planning a long trip.In our experience, there is generally insufficient shoulder room. And if you’re unlucky enough to draw the short straw and end up sitting in the middle, you’ll also have to deal with a lack of headroom, knees squeezed together between the front seat backrests and feet splayed either side of the transmission tunnel. And you thought flying economy on Jetstar was bad!Needless to say, five passengers are tolerable for short local trips but for anything longer, four is the limit. There’s also no third-row seating option available, as you will often find in SUVs. Advances in automotive technology have all but removed the guesswork required when parking a large vehicle like a dual cab ute, particularly in tight shopping centre carparks.These advances include audible front and rear parking sensors, which are often accompanied by a graphic on the dashboard touchscreen. More and more dual cabs also have rear-view cameras fitted as standard, while top-shelf models can include 360-degree cameras.This is useful technology if you’re using a dual cab ute as the family car, because it can help to visually shrink the vehicle around you to make such regular manoeuvring less hazardous and stressful.Even so, technology can’t change the fact that a dual cab ute is a large truck that’s typically more than 5.0 metres in length and just under 2.0 metres in width and height. Aftermarket modifications like wheel arch flares and protective bar work etc can easily increase the width, while larger wheels and tyres, suspension lifts, roof racks, roof-top tents and even some engine snorkels can rule out access to all underground and multi-level carparks. There’s nothing like a five-star ANCAP rating – and some are nothing like a five-star ANCAP rating. Well, not by today’s standards anyway.That’s because numerous dual cab utes were tested by ANCAP years ago and in some cases almost a decade ago. And since then important advances in accident-avoidance technologies, like Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) and lane-keeping assist, have raised the bar in terms of minimum standards required by ANCAP for a perfect score.Therefore, a five-star ANCAP rating achieved years ago does not equate with a five-star ANCAP rating achieved today. So you might find that warm and fuzzy feeling you get buying a ‘five-star’ ute is short-lived, after discovering that it doesn’t have all of the car-like safety features you thought it would have. Buyer beware. The official combined fuel consumption figures displayed on new vehicle windscreen decals are often surprisingly frugal given the size and weight of dual cab utes.However, dig deeper and you’ll discover that these figures are achieved by vehicle manufacturers under ideal laboratory conditions, which results in the lowest consumption figure possible. In the ‘real world’ these figures can be 2-3 litres/100km higher or more under normal driving conditions and even thirstier when carrying or towing heavy loads.Fact is, a dual cab ute is usually going to be more expensive to run than a smaller car when you factor in not only fuel consumption but also insurance, servicing, tyres etc. So the savings you expect to make by owning one dual-purpose vehicle may not be as large as you hoped. Dual cab utes use diesel engines because they provide good fuel economy under load and excellent torque, which is ideal for carrying and/or towing. They also have to comply with at least Euro 5 emission standards, which means their exhaust systems must be equipped with Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) to stop humanly harmful exhaust particulates from being released into the atmosphere. So far, so good.From cold start a diesel engine also takes longer than an equivalent petrol engine to reach its ideal operating temperature. This is also not a problem, provided it runs for long enough at the rpm required for its exhaust gases to automatically burn-off the particulates (or ‘soot as it’s known) that get trapped in the DPF.It’s a no brainer that a diesel engine is not well suited to the role of suburban family hack. In a busy week it will be required to make numerous cold starts followed by relatively short drives to the local school, shops, sporting grounds etc. And in most of those short drives, the engine will not run hot enough for long enough for that crucial automatic soot-burn to occur.Then it’s only a matter of time before the DPF is going to become so choked with soot that it becomes blocked, restricting exhaust flow which can quickly lead to expensive engine trouble. And replacement of a DPF doesn’t come cheap either.Market leader Toyota has for a while now been equipping its HiLux utes with a driver alert which warns when the DPF needs cleaning, along with a manual switch for the driver to ensure this manual-cleaning process takes place. A sign of the times really and proof that diesel utes and lots of short trips are not a good mix. It’s clearly worth your while to consider how well suited a diesel dual cab ute would be to your specific lifestyle if serving as a family car. After weighing up the pros and cons, you might find it an ideal fit. Or you may find that a car is better. Either way, only you can make the right decision.

Due to the fact many utes spend the lion's share of their time being used as workhorses, there are a lot of them kicking around with a toolbox or two (or more) in the tray.

We often see '3500kg towing capacity' headlines in advertising and sales brochures for 4x4 dual cab utes and heavy-duty SUVs. However, as impressive as that 3.5 tonne figure may appear, it actually relies on a few other figures to make such a vehicle and trailer combination practical in the real world.The four key numbers which need to be crunched to make or break a 3500kg towing claim are a tow vehicle's kerb weight (no passengers or gear but fully fuelled and ready to roll), its GVM (Gross Vehicle Mass or how much it can weigh when fully loaded), its payload (the difference between kerb weight and GVM) and its GCM (Gross Combination Mass or how much it can legally carry and tow at the same time).The fact is that after running these stats through the CarsGuide calculator, many of the popular 4x4 dual cab utes and heavy-duty SUVs with 3500kg braked trailer ratings (both low-grade and high-grade models) require large reductions in payloads to achieve it, So large, in fact, that they make 3500kg towing impractical.The 2.8 litre turbo-diesel SR manual has a 1955kg kerb weight and 3000kg GVM, leaving a useful one-tonne-plus payload of 1045kg. Its 5850kg GCM also looks sizeable until you deduct the 3500kg towing figure (the auto is limited to 3200kg) from it, leaving 2350kg. Deduct the SR's 1955kg kerb weight from that and you're left with a legal payload capacity of 395kg. In other words, that big 1045kg of payload has been reduced by a whopping 650kg to avoid exceeding the GCM limit.So, just adding 3-4 adult occupants without luggage to this ute and trailer combination could theoretically use up all of that remaining payload and push it over the GCM limit. And if you're looking at the premium grade HiLux Rugged X manual, which shares the same 5850kg GCM but is 297kg higher in kerb weight, that equates to a payload of only 98kg. Just enough for a driver - and that's it.The 3.2 litre XL auto has a 2135kg kerb weight and 3200kg GVM, resulting in a 1065kg payload rating. Its impressive 6000kg GCM is also greater than the HiLux. However, deducting our 3500kg towing figure from that 6000kg GCM leaves 2500kg. Deduct the XL's 2135kg kerb weight from that and you're left with only 365kg of payload to play with – a massive 700kg reduction.The top-shelf Wildtrak, which shares the same GCM as the XL but has a higher kerb weight, drops that remaining payload to only 222kg. Two large adults maybe - and that's all. Hope you weren't planning on taking any gear with you...The BT-50 shares much of the 3.2 litre Ranger's platform and mechanicals so you won't be surprised to know that its 3500kg towing numbers are closely aligned. It has the same 3200kg GVM and 6000kg GCM of its Ford-badged brother, but it also has slightly lower kerb weights and higher payloads which work in its favour when crunching these numbers - but not by much.For example, the entry-level XT hooked up to our notional 3500kg trailer leaves a payload of 464kg before it exceeds the 6000kg GCM limit. The heavier top-shelf GT model reduces that payload to just 339kg. The latter figure allows only for the weight of a driver and maybe a couple of adult passengers. Okay, and their toothbrushes.Applying the same calculations to low-grade and high-grade models in the popular Isuzu range, the entry-level SX with its 3050kg GVM and approximately 2015kg kerb weight (Isuzu only publishes tare weights so we've added the missing fuel weight) allows for a 1035kg payload and a 5950kg GCM.However, deducting the weight of our 3500kg trailer from the 5950kg GCM leaves 2450kg. And deducting the 2015kg kerb weight from that leaves a payload of 435kg or a huge 600kg drop in capacity. For the top-shelf LS-T model, the payload limit is 10kg less.Like the Ranger/BT-50 twins, the Holden Colorado shares lots of platform and mechanical DNA with its D-Max birth partner so the 3500kg towing figures for entry-level and top-shelf models are almost identical. The low-grade LS leaves only 435kg of payload capacity after you hook up 3500kg of trailer, while the heavier high-grade Z71 leaves only 357kg of payload to play with.Like Isuzu, VW only publishes tare weights in their spec sheets, which allows for 10 litres of diesel in the fuel tank. So, like the D-Max we've added the missing fuel in kilograms to produce kerb weights for low and high-grade models to keep things consistent.As a result, the TDI550 V6 Core's 2149kg kerb and 3080kg GVM results in a 931kg payload and a big 6000kg GCM like the Ranger/BT-50. However, after deducting our 3500kg towing figure and the Core's kerb weight you're left with 351kg of payload, or a big reduction of 580kg. No surprises that the payload left-overs for the heavier top-shelf Ultimate TDI580 are even less at only 198kg - just enough for a crew of two maybe?The basic work-focused RX has a relatively light 1895kg kerb weight and 2910kg GVM, resulting in a 1015kg payload capacity and 5910kg GCM. Deducting 3500kg of trailer from the 5910kg GVM works out at 2410kg. And if you then deduct the Navara's 1895kg kerb weight from that, you're left with 515kg of payload capacity - again, a large drop of 500kg or half a tonne.So, 515kg of payload capacity with 3500kg in tow gives the Navara the most practical theoretical figure of the dual cab ute bunch, largely helped by its kerb weight. For the heavier top-grade SL-X that payload drops to 431kg, or the same sizeable 500kg reduction.Not all SUVs have 3500kg tow ratings but some of the heavy-duty 4x4 models do, so we ran our calculator over a selection of the most popular brands to see how they measured up in comparison to the dual cab utes.Fortunately, the payload figures were generally more practical, but the big reductions in some payloads required to not exceed the all-important GCM – or how much you can carry and tow at the same time – would still make 3500kg towing largely impractical in the real world.With a kerb weight of 2281kg and 2949kg GVM, the turbo-diesel Grand Cherokee has a payload of 668kg and 6099kg GCM. However, when you deduct the 3500kg towing weight from its 6099kg GCM (2599kg) and then deduct its kerb weight from that, the result is a big 350kg drop in payload capacity to just 318kg. The heavier top-shelf Summit model grade reduces that payload figure to just 184kg after a similar 350kg cut. Enough for a driver and passenger maybe.Unlike its Navara ute sibling, Nissan only publishes tare weights for the Patrol, so after adding the kilograms of its missing 130 litres of petrol, the Y62's kerb weight works out at a hefty 2847kg. With its 3500kg GVM, that results in a 750kg payload capacity and it has a towering 7000kg GCM.However, those figures look less impressive after you deduct the 3500kg towing figure from the 7000kg GCM which comes to 3500kg. Deduct the 2847kg kerb weight from that and you're left with a payload limit of 642kg after a 108kg reduction. The Infiniti QX80, which is based on the Y62, has 3500kg towing figures which are virtually identical to these.Land Rover's towing figures, like Holden's, are far from straightforward in the way they are presented in the company's specs sheet. They show neither kerb weight nor tare weight but another variation, which includes a notional 75kg driver and 90 per cent fuel. As a result, we only concentrated on one model to provide a general guide to the Disco range.So, after deducting the 75kg driver and adding the missing 10 per cent of fuel, we came up with a kerb weight of 2115kg. And with a (seven-seat) GVM of 3130kg, that equals an impressive payload capacity of 1015kg and GCM of 6440kg. Deducting the 3500kg towing figure from the GCM works out at 2940kg. Then deducting the 2115kg kerb weight from that results in a more realistic 'real world' payload of 824kg, but it still requires a substantial 191kg drop in payload to achieve it.That equates to four adult passengers and plenty of gear, so these are genuinely practical figures if you ever needed to tow at the max.One of the main reasons these solid, dependable and well proven all-terrain wagons continue to sell strongly is because they're very good at towing heavy things, powered by 4.5 litre turbo-diesel V8s (single-turbo in the 70, twin-turbos in the 200).The 200 Series' entry-level GX has a 2640kg kerb weight and 3350kg GVM with a 710kg payload capacity. However, when you deduct 3500kg of braked trailer from its 6850kg GCM, the GVM (and therefore that 710kg payload) does not need to be reduced. The same applies to the heavier top-shelf Sahara grade and its smaller 610kg payload.The 70 Series offerings, though, are the pick of the Toyota crop in this context. The LC76 wagon, in entry-level Workmate grade, has a 785kg payload rating while the higher-grade GXL is 795kg, both of which also do not need to be reduced to comply with a 6560kg GCM with 3500kg in tow.And we've left the best until last. The venerable LC78 Troopie, with its bountiful 6800kg GCM, offers enormous one-tonne-plus payload capacities of 1045kg in the Workmate and 1005kg in the GXL while towing 3500kg. No wonder they can't kill it.By crunching the numbers published by these vehicle manufacturers, many struggle to justify their 3500kg tow ratings, given the big drops in practical payload capacities required to achieve them. However, we reckon few owners would ever need to tow 3.5 tonnes with these vehicles, which as these figures show is something of a blessing.Our best advice to vehicle owners is to interpret any peak tow rating with caution and carefully do your sums if you're planning to use it. We also think it's time the motor industry had a rethink over these chest-beating 3500kg towing claims which, like official fuel consumption figures, are not relevant in the real world. A far more useful and responsible figure to publish would be a vehicle's towing capacity - with a full payload.

There’s a long-standing rivalry between devotees of drop-side steel trays and aluminium trays.

A lockable canopy over the top of your ute’s tray/tub reduces the impact of the elements on anything carried in the back and also cuts down on the possibility of that stuff being damaged or stolen.

If your top priority is having the longest load area, a Single Cab ute is the go. If regularly carrying passengers is important, then a Dual Cab (aka Double Cab/Crew Cab) is best. But what if your needs fall somewhere in between? The Extra Cab option (aka Super Cab/King Cab/Club Cab/Space Cab) slots right in between a