Hydrogen

BMW is forging ahead with technology that is the anti-battery electric vehicle.The German company — along with Toyota and Hyundai  — is one of the biggest proponents of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).These are a different type of electric vehicles, which use hydrogen to create electricity that powers motors and they have no need for a big heavy battery. Water is the only tailpipe emission.BMW has made several advances that bring them closer to surpassing battery electric vehicles.A new hydrogen storage set-up for the iX5 FCEV, which fits into the same space used for the brand’s latest batteries, is to be fitted to its range of Neue Klasse electric vehicles.This means it is more efficient to produce a hydrogen variant and doing so won't compromise interior space. BMW even claims FCEVs can now be built on the same production line as battery-powered electric cars“Think of it as installation Tetris,” said BMW board member Dr Joachim Post.The hydrogen storage system can also hold enough fuel to deliver a driving range of up to 750km, can be refilled in under five minutes and is significantly safer, according to BMW.The German giant has also started production of what it calls the "Energy Master" which is a key component to be used in its coming iX5 Hydrogen.It is effectively the brain of the hydrogen power set-up, managing the fuel cell system, battery and electric drive motors.BMW is planning on launching the iX5 Hydrogen in 2028, and the company plans to expand its offerings.It said the new fuel source stands for "electric driving with long range and fast refuelling, diversifies energy sources and reduces dependence on a single infrastructure or raw material supply chain”.

Toyota has signalled to the world combustion engines might actually be the future, with its debut its hydrogen combustion powered TR LH2 racecar on the track at the Le Man 24 Hours next week. Hydrogen-powered vehicles have generally meant using fuel cells immersed in the liquid gas to generate electricity for an EV.  The Toyota Mirai is an example of this.Toyota’s latest appearance at the famous Le Mans endurance race will showcase its latest development of hydrogen combustion. Yes, not electric, but loud and angry, and importantly, relatively clean combustion.Toyota’s TR LH2 Prototype won’t actually compete this year at Le Mans on June 13, but it will perform demonstration laps to let the world see and hear what it can do. The specifications of the TR LH2 have not been made public, but we know it has a hybrid set-up and uses the same chassis as Toyota’s actual entrant in the endurance race this year - the TR010 Hybrid Hypercar.Rather than combusting petrol to drive its wheels the TR LH2 ignites hydrogen, but still uses pistons and mechanical elements in the same way conventional engines do. There are some key differences. The hydrogen is stored as a liquid, the only problem is the fuel tanks need to be kept at -253C to keep it from turning into a gas. As with petrol, when the hydrogen is injected into the cylinder it’s ignited and explodes pushing the piston down, and in turn drives the wheels.Hydrogen combustion engines can be clean, with the only emissions being water and some carbon dioxide. It can also release toxic nitrogen oxide if the engine doesn’t reduce the emissions of these particles. Toyota is working on advanced hydrogen combustion engines that do reduce these emissions, and the TR LH2 is a work in progress of this technology.It’s not the first time Toyota has flexed its aptitude for hydrogen combustion in motorsport. In 2023 the car maker entered a GR Corolla H2 Concept powered by a liquid hydrogen combustion engine in the Japanese Super Taikyu racing series. And before that in 2022 Toyota entered a GR Yaris H2 in a demonstration run in a round of the FIA World Rally Championship at the Ypres Rally.The Le Mans 24 Hours race takes place from June 13-14, with the TR LH2 making its demonstration laps on June 11.  

Toyota is one the biggest advocates for hydrogen as a fuel source for vehicles, but it’s now focusing its efforts as the mass-market take-up, especially in the passenger car space, still lags.As reported by Nikkei Asia, the Japanese carmaker is doubling down on implementing its hydrogen fuel cell (FCEV) technology in commercial vehicles, like trucks.The reason for this is that demand for hydrogen-fuelled passenger cars is dwindling.Toyota is working with many partners in order to implement and scale its hydrogen fuel cell commercial vehicles.One example is the Japanese carmaker is working closely with the Japanese Government to use hydrogen fuel cell trucks and develop a refuelling station network.“I truly believe now is the time to accelerate our hydrogen initiatives together with partners. Let's change the future with hydrogen,” said Toyota Hydrogen Factory President Mitsumasa Yamagata to Nikkei Asia.Many carmakers have shunned hydrogen as a viable fuel source. Examples include Volkswagen, Stellantis and General Motors.Reasons for this vary but include the high costs associated with developing FCEV technology and producing hydrogen, as well lacklustre refuelling infrastructure, among others.Toyota, along with other brands like BMW and Hyundai are some of the few that have continued development in this space.The Japanese carmaker has been preaching its multi-pathway strategy for decarbonisation for years now and includes continued development in internal-combustion, hybrid, battery electric and hydrogen powertrain technologies.Toyota currently has one FCEV truck in the form of the Hino Profiz Z FCV as Hino is part of the Toyota Group.It uses two fuel cell stacks from the Toyota Mirai FCEV liftback that have been customised for heavy-duty commercial use.Hino claims this FCEV truck has a driving range of around 650km when fully loaded and refuelling takes between 15 and 30 minutes.As it currently stands Toyota doesn’t offer any FCEV vehicle to the public in Australia. The Mirai is only offered to select fleets through lease agreements.However, the Japanese carmaker has previously confirmed it plans to introduce a FCEV version of the HiLux in Australia in 2027. This will be available to the public but will be aimed at commercial fleets, much like the recently priced HiLux BEV.In Australia there are very few hydrogen refuelling stations currently. There are several initiatives and funding from state governments being put forward to scale this.One includes the $20 million Hume Hydrogen Highway initiative from the Victorian and New South Wales Governments to connect Melbourne and Sydney with around four refuelling stations along the Hume Highway.

The once highly-promising hydrogen-powered car technology now appears to be faltering as it lags behind other new energy technologies, according to reports. Nikkei Asia has reported annual sales of hydrogen vehicles decreased by more than 80 per cent since 2021, with the supporting infrastructure available also decreasing.Hydrogen vehicles more commonly take the form of fuel cell vehicles (FCV), using compressed hydrogen gas to power a fuel cell, which converts hydrogen into electricity to power it. This method means only water is emitted into the atmosphere, while offering similar refuelling times and driving range to internal combustion vehicles, but with EV performance.This technology is only found in a few vehicles, such as the Toyota Mirai sedan and the Hyundai Nexo SUV. Honda was one of the first brands to explore the potential of hydrogen technology more than 20 years ago, with its FCX sedan. Toyota has been heavily investing in hydrogen-powered cars, recently focussing on a different angle: hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines. This system repurposes compressed hydrogen as an injectable substance into the combustion chamber without emitting CO2.Charging times for electric vehicles remain a key point of discussion in their viability for mass usage, which makes this alternative hydrogen technology an interesting prospect.It now looks like the refuelling benefits over EVs are becoming more of a moot point with the scarcity of hydrogen refuelling points and their limited uptake. Australia does not have a hydrogen model on sale to the general public, with only some available on leasing deals, including the Mirai and Nexo. There are less than 20 hydrogen refuelling stations currently in Australia.According to Nikkei Asia, new FCV sales in Japan decreased by 83 per cent last year in comparison to 2021, with only 431 units finding new homes.These stuttering sales numbers are causing major players to retreat in their hydrogen plans, including Stallantis that discontinued development citing "no prospects of mid-term economic sustainability."Honda and General Motors have also severed ties on their hydrogen joint-venture, which has been running since 2013 and included production of the CR-V e:FCEV. This does not mean hydrogen is off the cards, with Toyota and Hyundai still proceeding with FCV projects over the next two years. Hyundai in particular intends to double down on the technology, with a new-generation Nexo having already launched in its South Korean home market.

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