What's the difference?
Once upon a time, people would dream about owning a Mercedes-Benz 450SLC – the C107 sports/luxury coupe flagship of the 1970s.
Sexy, stylish, secure and incredibly solid, it embodied the brand’s ‘Engineered Like No Other Car' mantra of the era.
Today’s all-new, second-generation, C192 AMG GT Coupe is something of an indirect descendant of this sort of thinking, changing tack from its supercar-esque 2014 C190 predecessor, with more space, more seats, more sensibility and, conversely, even more steak and sizzle from its glorious V8.
A modern-day SLC? The Porsche 911, Aston Martin DB12, Maserati GranTurismo and Bentley Continental GT’s worst nightmare? Or something else entirely?
These questions and more are answered below.
Almost 30 years after Lexus launched its original LS flagship sedan, the fifth generation of the car has arrived in Australia in what appears to be the brand’s never-ending battle to hunt down and beat Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Audi at their own game.
In some markets it looks as though Lexus is making headway. In the United States last year Mercedes-Benz was the best-selling luxury brand, followed by BMW and then Lexus. To give you even more insight, 50 per cent of all Lexus sales globally are in the US.
The story is different in Australia, with Lexus hardly a threat to the big three Germans, selling about a third less each month.
The Lexus LS is the Japanese prestige brand’s flagship and comes with a price that nudges up against formidable rivals. There’s the Mercedes-Benz S-Class, BMW 7 Series and Audi’s A8. Only the best cars from a few of the best brands in the world – no pressure, Lexus.
This may even be a reason to buy one – in that it’s not one of the traditional three. You could see Lexus as the popular underdog that in some ways does a better job than the usual suspects. A people’s favourite perhaps?
Just look at how often it’s mentioned in songs. According to lyrics.com.au the word Lexus has been used in 873 songs. Meanwhile Mercedes Benz appears in 500, Audi in 402 and BMW in 307.
With all this in mind we headed to the Australian launch to drive the LS 500 and its hybrid twin the 500h.
The GT63 4Matic+ is a breathtaking example of everything that Mercedes-Benz and AMG are.
Ferociously fast, incredibly agile and superbly sophisticated, it should be on anybody’s shortlist, if that also includes a Porsche, Aston Martin, Maserati or even a Lamborghini. And it’s definitely much more than yesterday’s SLC ever was – for similar money in today’s terms, as it turns out.
But, around Tasmania’s glorious roads at least, the Mercedes-AMG lacks the ride comfort and road noise isolation to be a fully-rounded-out GT, and that’s a disappointment for a brand with such formidable history in making such cars.
The Lexus LS 500 and 500h are both exceptional cars. The ‘obnoxious’ styling especially to the grille makes the offerings from BMW, Benz and Audi look bland and overly corporate inside and out. It’s really in the dynamics department that the LS falls short of its rivals and only the LS 500 is enjoyable if you like to drive with a degree of conviction.
Both the LS500 and 500h, though, have wonderfully comfortable rides and this together with those sumptuous interiors makes these the perfect place to be if you’re in the back being swiftly and quietly taken to you next meeting.
For me the sweet-spot pick would be the LS 500 F Sport for its value and dynamic ability.
This is still clearly a Mercedes AMG GT coupe, like the 2014 C190 original, but a ground-up redesign sees it subtly yet significantly altered.
Some 270kg heavier than before, the larger-in-every-dimension body combines aluminium, steel, magnesium and fibre composite materials for improved rigidity and a lower centre of gravity. Length (4729mm) and wheelbase (2700mm) have been stretched by 177mm and 70mm respectively. Width (1984mm) and height (1352mm) are also up.
The nose treatment is similar to before, especially with the bulgy bonnet and signature vertical slatted grille fitted. These, combined with the LED digital headlight shape effect, is reminiscent of, but far-better executed than, the goofy-looking MG5’s face.
Underneath, it's an all-new platform shared with the SL, with the rear transaxle of the old car replaced by a permanent AWD system, leading from 46:54 front/rear weight distribution to 50:50 as a result.
That aggressive, exaggerated cab-backward/ultra-long bonnet silhouette that visually connected it with the SLS gives way to more-conventional and practical coupe proportions that is striking if not especially original, since they do look quite 911-esque. Along with the longer wheelbase and wider tracks, the result allows for two small rear seats to be fitted, while liftback cargo access remains.
Similarly, in the name of way-more usable interior packaging, Mercedes-AMG says it pushed the driving position nearly 180mm forward compared to the previous GT. Let’s see what that all looks like inside.
“You’re either going to love them or hate them.” You can bet that whenever you’re told this just before being introduced to somebody then that somebody is going to be downright obnoxious. The same goes for the LS, well it’s face anyway, because those are the kinds of statements made about that grille.
The thing is, the LS needs an obnoxious face because its up against The Establishment - the Mercedes-Benz S -Class, BMW 7 Series and Audi A8, and given there’s no way they’ll ever let Lexus into their little ‘club’ it’s good that the LS has steered clear of imitating them and is boldly different.
This was also the type of thinking which inspired the grille’s creator, Tokuo Fukuichi. The so called ‘spindle grille’ first appeared in 2010 on the CT200h before rolling out to the rest of the Lexus line-up. The look polarised the opinions of fans and even executives inside Lexus. But Fukuichi was adamant the key to the brand’s survival and success was to not to be boring.
That massive gaping mouth is anything but boring, and for this new-generation LS the spindle grille has been overhauled. Yes, some car companies might make a few tweaks to a grille, but not Lexus. Using a CAD computer program, it took designers six months to refine each of the 5032 surfaces on the F-Sport’s grille and the more than 7000 on the Sports Luxury’s. If only you didn’t have to slap a number plate on these exquisitely spun net-like structures.
New LED headlights and the ‘Zorro blade-slash’ LED running lights are equally obnoxious and therefore perfectly suited for the LS’s face. So too are the enormous air inlets below them in the bumper. If only the rest of the car’s exterior was as wild and not mild and milder the further you get from the grille. The rear looks stately, modern and sleek but could have done with something more adventurous (similar to IS’s taillights).
But the LS’s insides make up for that dullness, with a cabin that’s decadent and alien at the same time. A dash which sweeps from door to door features asymmetrical string-like design elements which are a theme carved through wood and glass and stitched into leather throughout the cabin. The quality is superb, while the fit and finish is better than I’ve seen on some of its competitors.
There are four no-cost interior packages on the Sports Luxury ranging from 'Moon White' trim with walnut decorative inlays to black trim with 'Crafted Latte' inserts. But it’s the $9800 optional 'Black with hand-pleating' and 'Kiriko' glass which is a stand out. It’s an intriguing look, the pleated fabric which cascades around the hand-cut Japanese glass.
The F Sport’s cabin is less decorative with seats that hold you tighter in three no-cost option leathers from 'Moon White' to 'Flare Red' with aluminium door and dash decorative elements.
Both cabins are sumptuous, although they fall a little short in gob-smacking tech like those amazing, expansive, floating dash screens and the virtual instrument cluster in the S-Class. Yes, there’s the large screen up front and the seat-back screens in the rear but the styling of the graphics and typeface reveal the Toyota DNA.
The LS has the presence a prestige brand’s flagship car should - imposing, long and wide. Look at the LS’s dimensions. At 5235mm end-to-end and 1900mm across, the LS is longer and wider than a Mercedes-Benz S-Class, but swoops in lower at 1450mm. The LS’s wheelbase is longer than a regular S-Class’s at 3125mm, too.
Apart from the grille you can tell an F Sport from a Sports Luxury by its black brake calipers and black elements in the front bumper, boot lid and sill.
To tell a 500 from a 500h, the difference is subtle. There are the badges, of course, but the 500's rear bumper also has a different design with chrome exhaust surrounds.
The first impression inside is that of space, despite the falling roofline and coupe-like upsweep of the side windows and you look back. While, again, similar to a 911s, a kink at the door gives the GT a unique character.
Even larger people will appreciate the generous amounts of room up front, with space to stretch, sat in sumptuously comfy bucket seats. Note that the standard ones are better than the racier but firmer Sports versions.
The driving position is perfect, ahead of a dashboard that is very typical modern Mercedes in appearance and layout.
To that end, the tablet-style integrated touchscreen (11.9 inches) is clear, fast and intuitive once time is taken to learn it. And points are also won for the multi-configurable electronic instrumentation, that allows for a variety of screens, including track, classic and minimalist views.
The trademark turbine air vents, the quite beautiful material and trim finishes and just the general solid feel are further typical contemporary Mercedes cabin treatments, as are the excellent ventilation and ample storage options.
And while rear vision isn't great, that's what cameras are for. It's all pretty much on brand.
It is a shame, given how elevated the Mercedes-AMG engineering is underneath, that the GT’s interior look and ambience is so similar to those of a (albeit higher-spec) C-Class or GLE. It's simply not as special as some of the company’s previous sports cars.
More annoyingly, the ride is too firm and bumpy for a GT, and this has the unhappy effect of provoking random rattly trim sounds within the cabin. It’s a bit like scrunched-up cellophane. In a $420K (as tested) Merc, that’s very disappointing, especially as it can be heard over the copious amount of road and tyre noise droning through, particularly on coarser bitumen surfaces.
Further back, the rear seat is strictly two-plus-two, and nobody over 150cm tall is recommended to travel there by Mercedes itself. That sloping roofline is the culprit. That said, brief trips with a bowed head are possible, as the fixed cushions and split-folding backrests are actually surprisingly comfy. But only for short journeys. Kids should love it though, and the second row does open up the GT’s usefulness enormously.
As does a near-doubling of the AMG’s cargo capacity, jumping 146 litres to 321L with backrests erect, to a whopping 675L (+325L) in two-seater mode. The flat floor is accessed via a large electrically-operated liftback door, offering quite a large aperture for easy loading/unloading.
Having no spare wheel helps here, with a tyre inflation kit included in lieu of that.
Meanwhile, at the front, under the bonnet, things have definitely changed for the better as well.
Anything with a 3.1m wheelbase has to be practical right? Well, legroom in the back is excellent, but I can’t properly stretch out in that reclining rear seat with the ottoman without my feet hitting the seatback.
Headroom is also a bit a restricted in that rear row for me, too. That’s something to keep in mind for taller passengers (I'm 191cm tall).
A cargo capacity of 480 litres is 30 litres shy of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class, while the cooler box in the rear (that comes with the Sports Luxury trim) eats into the boot space and drops the total to 440 litres.
The LS is a five-seat sedan, but that centre rear seatback folds forward to become the armrest and houses the controls to the massage and reclining functions, plus two cupholders.
There’s another two cupholders up front and pockets in all the doors. While the storage area under the centre console armrest in the front and back is good – that’s about it for storage.
An access mode will raise the car by 30mm when getting in and lower it by 10mm when getting out. Those wide opening doors also make entry and exit easier.
Starting from $370,400 (all prices are before on-road costs), the Mercedes-AMG GT63 4Matic+ is priced and positioned as something of an eagle amongst some pretty delectable doves, given its combination of four seats, 430kW of power, 800Nm of torque and four-wheel drive.
No rival equivalents can match the Mercedes on paper. The 398kW/610Nm 911 Carrera 4 GTS T-Hybrid offers less power but starts from $400,000-plus. The 410kW/650Nm GranTurismo Trofeo begins at $450K, the 500kW/800Nm DB12 from $455K and the 404kW/470Nm Continental GT from $460K.
Only the 460kW/750Nm BMW M8 Competition comes closest to the Mercedes-AMG, from $380K.
Side note, today’s GT is only slightly more expensive than what the 450SLC was nearly half a century ago when adjusted for inflation.
And, just like with that classic old Benz, it shares much with the brand’s legendary SL convertible stablemate – including, in this case, standard all-wheel drive and active rear-axle steering… aka 4WS to select third and fourth-generation Honda Prelude owners out there.
What else does $400K-plus buy you? As you’d expect, the GT63 4Matic+ comes choc-full of standard equipment, much of it typical of the luxury coupe breed, with leather-covered and electrically operated everything.
How about a front-axle lift system with GPS-enabled memory that automatically raises the GT’s nose to help clear bumps and then remembers to do so next time?
There are climate-controlled AMG sports seats with inflatable bolstering and massaging functionality, a fixed glass roof, a head-up display, augmented-reality satellite navigation, 360-degree surround views, performance telemetry data as part of an extensive multimedia system, an 11.9-inch portrait touchscreen, 11-speaker Burmester audio, a handsfree-powered tailgate, 21-inch alloys and cutting-edge driver-assist safety tech. More on that in the Safety section below.
Then there are the myriad option packs, bumping the GT63’s price up towards $500,000. These include a $2.7K seat trim package; a $10K AMG Night Package that adds darker trim treatments (often where chrome was); an aerodynamics package with fixed spoiler replacing the standard active spoiler; a $2.6K AMG Performance Seat package; a $13K Carbon Fibre package and $13.2K Ceramic Brakes.
Now, while the new GT does ditch the previous model’s unique rear transaxle spaceframe pioneered by the gull-winged SLS of the early 2010s, the resulting longer wheelbase and shorter overhangs do provide less outlandish and more practical design.
Let’s check that out in more detail.
The line-up is simple. There are two powertrains: the turbo-petrol V6 LS 500, and the petrol-electric LS500h hybrid, and there's no price difference between them. Then, there are two trim levels: the F Sport for $190,500 and Sports Luxury for $195,500.
Coming standard on the F Sport are 'F Sport' seats with leather upholstery, heated front and rear seats, dual-zone climate control, 28-way power adjustable front seats and head-up display. The multimedia system comes with a 12.3-inch screen, sat nav, DVD player, DAB+ digital radio, Bluetooth connectivity and a 23-speaker Mark Levinson sound system.
There’s also LED headlights, 20-inch alloy wheels and a kick-open tailgate. While the F-Sport misses out on some of the plush features of the Sports Luxury it does get hardware for better on-road dynamics which you can read about in the driving section below.
The Sports Luxury has that large screen, those power adjustable front seats and the multimedia system with that Mark Levinson stereo, too, but adds much more. The front passenger seat slides and folds itself forward to allow the seat behind it to recline and extend its ottoman-style leg rest.
Both rear seats are 22-way power adjustable and heated. If you’re lucky enough to be lounging back there, you’ll also two 11.6-inch seat-back screens with a DVD player. Plus, there’s four-zone climate control, a rear cooler box and power sun shades.
The F-Sport and Sports Luxury have their own choice of no-cost interior options. The Sports Luxury also gives you the option to buy (for $9800) one of four special interior packs – you can read about the standout one with the hand-cut glass below.
There are 11 body colours to choose from: Sonic Quartz, Sonic Silver, Titanium, Liquid Metal, Onyx, Graphite Black, Vermillion, Scarlet Crimson (a dark red), Metallic Silk, Deep Metallic Bronze and Deep Blue.
There’s a plaque signifying which engineer “handcrafted” the GT’s engine – in this case, the famous M177 in 3982cc, 4.0-litre twin-turbo intercooled V8 petrol guise.
Delivering 430kW of power at 6500rpm and 800Nm of torque from 2500-4500rpm, it sends drive to all four wheels via a nine-speed multi-clutch transmission (dubbed MCT in AMG-speak), catapulting the GT63 4Matic+ from 0-100km/h in just 3.2 seconds, on the way to a top speed of 315km/h.
How does it do that?
With AWD, the GT is now nearly 15 per cent heavier than before, but it still manages a punchy 218kW/tonne. Active aerodynamics over, inside and under a more-rigid body structure also helps.
The AMG 4Matic+ AWD system goes from 50/50 front/rear, to 100 per cent rear, variable torque distribution according to conditions and settings, and backed up by an electronic limited-slip differential. Among the many driving settings are Race Start, Drift Mode and good-old Comfort, if it all becomes too much.
Also keeping all that performance in check is a high-performance composite brake setup with improved cooling for faster responses.
Interlinked active roll bars improve body control, the five-link independent suspension features adaptive dampers for a softer ride.
And, as for that 4WS tech, the rear wheels steer opposite to the fronts at up to 100km/h (by some 2.5 degrees) for tighter and tidier handling, or 0.7 degrees in the same direction above 100, for greater stability and road-holding.
Its effect on the way this near-two-tonne coupe zigs and zags around corners is something you need to experience to really appreciate.
Let's talk engine specifications .The LS 500 has a 3.5-litre twin-turbo petrol V6 making 310kW/600Nm, with drive being sent to the rear wheels via a 10-speed automatic transmission. That's impressive horsepower, but this car is heavy is a weight of about 2.3 tonnes.
The LS 500h has a 220kW/350Nm 3.5-litre V6 (a different engine to the 500’s) plus two electric motors driving the rear wheels. The total power output is 264kW. Shifting gears in the 500h is a continuously variable transmission (CVT). Just a reminder, too, the LS 500h is not a plug-in hybrid. Regenerative braking re-charges the lithium-ion batteries.
If you're looking for a diesel, you won't find one here. Same goes for a manual gearbox. And, while buyers can choose an all-wheel drive (awd) Lexus LS in other markets around the world, ours are all front-wheel drive.
Actually, the GT’s economy isn’t horrendous considering how fast it can go.
Even blasting a few times around beckoning country roads, we managed an indicated 13.0L/100km, which is an improvement on what Mercedes-AMG says the GT averages the 14.6L/100km average that Mercedes-AMG officially states.
That translates to a carbon dioxide emissions rating of 334g/km.
Using 98 RON premium unleaded petrol, an average of just under 480km between refills of the 70L tank is possible. The urban run sees consumption rocket to 21.8L/100km (for just 321km of range), or 10.4 out on the highway run, meaning that over 670km is possible should you decide to drive in a docile manner.
The LS 500 has an official fuel consumption of 9.5L/100km while the 500h’s is 6.6L/100km after open and urban road driving. We drove both cars on mainly country roads and saw an average of 10.1L/100km in the LS 500 and 9.1L/100km in the 500h.
Nobody will drive the GT63 4Matic+ and think, ‘Oh, this is OK’, because its breadth of performance is phenomenal.
No matter which mode you're in, from Comfort through to track-tuned Race, the Mercedes-AMG blends forceful pace and commanding control without ever breaking a sweat.
Flex your right foot and the two-tonne coupe bounds into action like a giant on a mission, striding past posted speed limit signs in nanoseconds and way, way faster than the law will stand if diligence isn’t exercised.
And there’s no point relying on seat-of-your-pants sensations, either, because the chassis below embraces the road with an almost zealous devotion. Which is astounding, given how agile the four-wheel steering-enhanced handling is.
The 63’s super power is exactly that – it dulls your sense of speed. One tester admitted to exceeding 150km/h before noticing. An odd confession considering the sonic boombox that is the bi-turbo V8’s howl.
But jailbait performance is not even the 63’s most lingering joy. That would be its steering perfection, that delivers that rare trifecta of keenness, crispness and communication. The wheel feels eager and alive in your hands, even when powering between tight turns, backed up by sensational grip and control. How can a two-tonne GT handle so sharply?
Warm, dry roads were the order of the day, so we can’t tell you how the 4Matic+ permanent AWD system deals with wet or slippery surfaces, but the slick multi-clutch transmission, seamless torque-vectoring tech and sticky tyres more than cope with the 63’s formidable outputs.
So, that's the gushing part out the way, then.
Despite the adaptive dampers, rigid architecture and exquisitely sophisticated suspension, the ride is simply too stiff in Comfort mode, and downright jittery on some of the Tasmanian roads we tested on, for the 63 to be considered a true luxury grand tourer. It just isn't comfortable, luxurious or supple enough.
Plus, grippy as they are, the 21-inch wheels transmit too much road and tyre noise through to the cabin, meaning that the GT isn't as quiet as you'd hope. Add the aforementioned trim squeaks, and the expected cocooned silence isn’t always there.
The upshot is that the 63 possesses more of a sports car character than a luxury GT character. Great news if you're a 911 type buyer and are seeking a high-performance 2+2 alternative, but a disappointment if comfort and refinement are priorities.
Still, it is impossible not to be deeply moved by this Mercedes-AMG.
My first experience of the new LS was from the back seat of a 500 Sports Luxury being driven from the airport to the venue where Lexus Australia would deliver the presentation on its fifth generation of the car.
Seat reclined, I was whisked quietly and comfortably through the traffic, barely any road or wind noise, the ride was superb on that air suspension, a little floaty but still damped well enough for it not to become bouncy, with minimal head sway (the movement that makes you car sick).
Cocooned in leather with seat-back screens for audio and DVD the ride and environment was just right for a limousine chauffeuring important business types who need swift and tranquil transportation. Not for weirdos like me who were only interested in the way the front and back multi-link suspension kept a 2.3-tonne car with a 3.1m wheelbase so civilised, even through roundabouts. I wondered if this was actually the best way to experience the LS – from the back seats, being driven?
When I did drive the 500 and 500h in the two trims later it more or less confirmed that first impression. The 500 in F Sport trim was the best to drive, while the 500 in Sports Luxury was the best to be driven in. Why? I’ll explain.
The LS 500’s 3.5-litre twin-turbo V6 makes more power than the hybrid for starters, which is always a good thing when you need to move a car this heavy. Even then the LS 500’s acceleration isn’t super quick, and the engine needs to work hard when asked to get a wriggle on. That 10-speed automatic transmission is excellent though.
The same can’t be said for the CVT in the 500h which under harder acceleration does what CVTs do in that situation, make more noise without seeming to get the drive effectively to the wheels.
The 500h’s naturally aspirated V6 is a good thing, but it seems the weight of the car and the CVT work against it being exciting to drive. After a couple of hundred kilometres in a 500h blasting through the countryside steering it became tiresome rather than rewarding with the engine constantly kicking in and whining incessantly when asked for more beans, please.
This car is far better suited to slipping silently through city streets than it is galloping through the bush – that’s where the 500 is a lot more at home.
The 500 and 500h are rear-wheel drive cars, and this, along with an almost 50-50 balance, sets the ground work for good cars to pilot. The F-Sport trim adds an active rear stabiliser bar as standard equipment and brings a more sophisticated version of Lexus’s 'Vehicle Dynamic Integrated Management' (VDIM) – a stability system using data from suspension, ABS, traction control, electric power steering, the stabiliser bar and rear steering. The result is the control of longitudinal, vertical, yaw, roll and pitch movements for better ride and handling.
The F Sport trims adds bigger brakes, too with 400mm x 36mm discs on the front and 359mm x 30mm at the back, plus staggered tyres with 245mm rubber at the front and 275mm at the rear.
The electric steering is light, which makes it easy to manoeuvre in carparks, and an 11.2m turning circle is great for the class.
On the open road at speed the steering is pinky-finger light even in Sport+ mode, and while it’s smooth and accurate, I want to feel more connected to the wheels and where they’re pointed.
While the LS 500 is more the driver’s car than the 500h neither perform as well dynamically as Benz’s S-Class, but from the back seat the LS feels just as comfortable and even plusher.
While the GT doesn’t score an ANCAP rating – probably because it’s too expensive to crash test – we’d wager that it would be above-average, given Benz’s track record as a pioneer in this field.
That’d due to the scores of active, passive and driver-assist safety features fitted, from multi-faceted autonomous emergency braking (AEB) and lane-support systems to Mercedes’ PRE-SAFE tech that anticipates a crash and then prepares the car for impact.
More specifically, the GT includes Active Lane Change/Keep Assist, adaptive high beam as part of its megapixel LED set-up, adaptive cruise control, Cross-Traffic Assist, Evasive manoeuvre support, an emergency services call-out system, 360-degree camera views, pedestrian protection bonnet and eight airbags.
In other Mercedes products of today, AEB operating parameters are 7-80km/h for vulnerable road users like pedestrians and cyclists, and from 7-250km/h for vehicle-to-vehicle, while the lane-keep support systems operate between 60-200km/h.
Finally, there are ISOFIX child-seat anchorages in the front passenger seat and two in the rear seats.
The Lexus LS has not been crash tested, but all the signs are there that this is an exceptionally safe vehicle, from the structure of the car to the advanced safety technology such as AEB (forward and reverse) with pedestrian detection, lane keeping assistance and adaptive cruise control.
For child seats there are three top tether anchor points and two ISOFIX mounts across the rear seats.
Both the 500 and 500h are fitted with run-flat tyres.
What’s the GT like to own?
Mercedes-Benz offers a five-year/unlimited km warranty, with five years of roadside assistance. This is average for most mainstream and luxury brands, but superior to most sports-car makers like Porsche and Lamborghini.
Intervals are every 12 months or 20,000km, and while no capped-priced servicing is offered on the GT, pre-paid three-, four- or five-year service plans are available, ranging from $5165, $7700 and $8665 respectively.
Big performance demands big maintenance bills, it seems.
The Lexus LS is covered by a four-year/100,0000km warranty. Servicing is recommended every 15,000km or 12 months. There is no capped price servicing program. Being a Toyota family product the Lexus LS also comes backed by the same reputation for reliability and you may experience lower maintenance costs than perhaps its German rivals.