Articles by David Morley

We’re not sure exactly what was going on in Hyundai’s marketing department at the end of the first decade of this century, but somebody was definitely having two bob each way.Up until 2010, the Tucson had been Hyundai’s mid-sized SUV entrant, but that badge disappeared the same year as the ix35 hit showrooms as the Tucson’s replacement. But after just five years on sale, the ix35 was itself replaced by none other than the Tucson.Confused? Us too, but to keep it simple, if you’re shopping for a Hyundai-made mid-sized SUV built between 2010 and 2015, the ix35 is the badge you need to look for.Meantime, leaving nomenclature out of it, the LM (as it was known internally) ix35 was a bread-and-butter kind of family SUV with familiar overall proportions and nothing too confronting mechanically.It could be had in three trim levels (Active, Elite and Highlander, in that order) and with a range of driveline options. There was a 2.0-litre petrol engine with 122kW, a 2.4-litre petrol with 130kW and a 2.0-litre turbo-diesel with 135kW and lots more torque than the petrol variants.The 2.0 petrol was available with either a five-speed manual or six-speed automatic transmission and was front-drive only. The 2.4 petrol and the turbo-diesel were fitted exclusively with the six-speed automatic and were all-wheel drive, although they used on-demand AWD, and operated as front-drivers in most conditions.Conventional wisdom says late-model Hyundais are pretty stout things, even if they don’t offer much in the way of driving excitement. The ix35 makes sense if all you want is a roomy (for its size) box with which to move people and their belongings. But even then, there are some reliability problems to note, and driveability was never anything better than average.Overall, there are better, more entertaining choices in a second-hand SUV of this type.Again, it goes against the mood for this brand, but the ix35 did have some serious reliability issues that, even though they didn’t affect every example, should make you weigh things up carefully before making a purchasing decision.Something very wrong was going on in Hyundai’s engine department at this point in history. All three of the ix35’s engines suffered (to some extent) with some serious issues that saw Hyundai replacing entire engines under warranty in an attempt to stay in favour with its customers.The problems mainly centred around engines that consumed excess oil (to the point where some owners were caught out with empty sumps between services) and rattling engines that were signalling their death knock.The consensus is these problems were caused by poor manufacturing accuracy, leading to cylinder scoring, at which point the engines became noisy (particularly when cold) and started to burn oil. The fix was to either rebuild the engine with a new crankcase or, more commonly, replace the whole engine.Other issues reported over the years have been interior trim peeling (most notably steering wheel covers) and flaking paint caused by a bad batch of paint that affected other carmakers (including Toyota) and was traced to the top coat not adhering properly to the undercoat at the factory.This model Hyundai has had its share of recall notices over the years, some of them more serious than others, but a couple posing a definite safety risk. They include a recall to check the seat belt tensioning system, and a driver’s airbag that could have been assembled incorrectly and not deploy as it was designed to.Leaks were another ix35 recall theme, with oil leaks from the sump, fuel leaks and transmission fluid leaks all creating recall notices. There was also a recall to check some cars for a brake system that could allow brake fluid to contaminate the ABS module, leading to braking problems.You can check out the full details including what batches of cars were affected at: https://www.vehiclerecalls.gov.au/If you’re buying a petrol ix35, the ones to avoid on the basis of the engine problems and oil burning were the ones from the first generation built between 2010 and 2013. If, however, you’re after a diesel version, the post-facelift cars (2013 to 2015) seem to be the problematic ones.Either way, you’d want to know the service history of any second-hand ix35 and be prepared to shell out for a pre-purchase inspection which would include a compression test and perhaps even a bore-scope examination of the engine.The number of ix35s still floating around with 250,000km on board, or even more, suggests the engine problems were a bit random and clearly didn’t affect every car.We’d still be a lot happier, though, with an example with less than 160,000km on its odometer, along with an up-to-date and complete service history as some proof of it having a chance at going the distance. A car with a factory replacement engine (and documentation to support this) would also be preferable to one with no history.The turbo-diesel ix35 was always the better one to actually drive thanks to its beefier power and torque delivery. The added safety of all-wheel drive only reinforces this view. The petrol versions do the job, but they can feel breathless and stretched a bit tight at freeway speeds when fully loaded.Right now, you’ll find sellers with early-built, high-mileage examples of the ix35 with an asking price of about $5000 or even less. But these are best left to speculators. Better value is to be found in the $8000 to $10,000 price range where you start to find diesel examples with much more moderate mileage showing. Don’t forget that service history.Hyundai is a big brand not just in Australia, but globally. So, spare parts are not hard to find. Neither is a workshop that can navigate what is, fundamentally, a pretty straightforward vehicle.There’s a huge online market for parts to suit cars like this one, but be wary of online sellers you haven’t used before. Don’t rule out parts recycling yards for spares like body panels and some mechanical parts.Despite the problems some owners experienced with this car, Hyundai managed to sell plenty of them here, with sales peaking at about 18,000 per year at one point. That gave it a huge chunk of the market in its segment, but those mechanical problems took their toll, leading to the badge being replaced by the revived Tucson model in 2015.Some owners were forced to walk away from their ix35s when the cost of repairs became more than the value of the car itself. But the sheer sales figures when things were looking good mean there are at least a couple of hundred ix35s for sale on the bigger online sites.

Everybody remembers the Mazda RX-7. With its sexy looks and turbine-smooth rotary engine, it (and the rotary Mazdas that went before it) has a cult following.But what about the RX-8? With its somewhat odd looks and layout (including small, reverse-opening rear doors) even a newer version of the rotary engine couldn’t really save it from obscurity. Relative to the RX-7, anyway.It’s hard to know, therefore, whether to categorise the RX-8 as a two or four-door and that’s a pretty good metaphor for the whole thing; people didn’t understand it then and have largely forgotten about it now.As a used-car, what the RX-8 mostly has to offer is a point of difference. That little rotary engine will spin happily from one end of the tachometer to the other and it’s an engaging car to drive provided you can live with a manual gearbox. In automatic form, the car lost power and was overall a bit dull.Beyond that, it’s another Japanese coupe that is now definitely middle-aged and potentially well past its best. Which means the purchase of a used one requires much skill and judgment.The RX-8 is known internally as the FE model.The RX-8’s biggest selling point (then and now) is its rotary engine. Unlike conventional engines with pistons moving up and down, the rotary uses rotating segments that make for supremely smooth operation and brilliant power relative to its capacity.If that floats your boat, the Mazda will appeal. But if you’re looking for the sort of style for which Japanese coupes are famous, then the odd looks of the RX-8 might be a disappointment.And even though the turbocharged rotary engine has earned a reputation as a giant-killer in performance terms, in the heavier RX-8 with its non-turbocharged engine, it’s not a remarkable performer at all. Entertaining, sure, but fast? No.Like all rotary-powered Mazdas, there’s a huge question mark over the long-term reliability, particularly under the bonnet. The rest of the package is less problematic, but a trashed engine in an RX-8 could easily cost more than the car is actually worth.While technically interesting and great fun to thrash along, the Mazda’s rotary engine can be a bit fragile. It requires very specific oil (some of which will be consumed in normal operation) and can wear very quickly, especially if it’s been driven hard or suffered maintenance neglect.Wear will show up as a loss of engine compression, so a compression test should be part of any pre-purchase inspection. Internal seals can wear and fail at which point the engine can be very difficult to start.Owners have also found out the hard way that the rotary engine (even in good condition) doesn’t like to be switched off until it has warmed up. If it has been switched off before attaining operating temperature, raw fuel can flood the engine, breaking the seal between the metal parts and causing a loss of compression and hard starting. It’s important to determine what’s causing any loss of compression, but in reality, every RX-8 engine needs to be approached with caution.The RX-8 also attracted a type of buyer who was keen to extract every ounce of performance out of the car. As such, crash damage is a real possibility. Check for any mis-match between panel colours and make sure all the panel gaps are straight and uniform. Take a close look underneath for evidence of damage and be very wary of any modified example. Many owners extracted huge power by modifying these engines, but the end result was often a hand grenade missing its pin.The RX-8 can also be hard on clutches, so make sure there’s no shuddering or slipping from the clutch when taking off.A full and up to date service record is an absolute must with a Mazda RX-8 and any modifications to the driveline must be checked closely.Beyond that, be sure to check that all the electrical gear works properly, including the air-conditioning as these units were a bit problematic back in the day and won’t be any better two decades on.Early build (2003 to 2005) RX-8s were recalled to check for a flawed front control arm that could crack, leading to a loss of steering and control. Apparently, a manufacturing flaw was to blame, but it definitely needs to have been examined back in the day. A Mazda dealer should be able to identify affected cars and whether they’ve been checked.Other recalls included potential fuel leaks, electrical problems, and, of course, the dreaded Takata airbag fiasco which saw the RX-8 recalled no less than three times.For more details on these recalls, you can check out: https://www.vehiclerecalls.gov.au/.The RX-8 to avoid is not determined by a production date, but rather by the transmission fitted. To make the revvy rotary engine work with an automatic transmission, Mazda detuned the engine for that version to make slightly more torque but a lot less horsepower.So, instead of 177kW, the automatic RX-8 delivered just 141kW, and the transmission itself is an old-fashioned four-speed unit.Aside from anything else, the idea of an automatic transmission behind such a rorty, zingy little engine is missing the point entirely.This is a real crap-shoot because, depending on how a particular car has been serviced and driven, the rotary engine can last 200,000km, or it could be dead inside 80,000km. The problem there is that you can’t always be sure of a car’s history when it’s a 20-year-old used car.Many RX-8s still getting around are on their second or even third engine, so a car’s history is absolutely vital in this case.You can safely ignore trim levels, because with this car, it all comes down to performance levels. If you’re buying a manual RX-8, then the first generation cars between 2003 and 2008 are the ones to look for. That’s because the facelift in 2008 brought with it a reduction in performance to 170kW in the six-speed manual variant.But, if it’s an automatic you need, then the post-facelift car is the way to go. That replaced the original RX-8’s 141kW with 158kW and the tired old four-speed auto with a much more suitable six-speed unit.We’d still always buy the manual RX-8, however.Prices for relatively high-mileage RX-8s start in the very low teens or even a bit less. The best standard cars can cost closer to $30,000 or even $40,000 depending on mileage and condition. It’s worth noting that, unlike most cars, a modified RX-8 is not always a cheaper alternative to a stock standard example. But be aware that engine mods are fraught with danger and will only be as good as the mechanic who did them.Although the rotary engine in the RX-8 was not identical to rotaries that went before it, it still falls within the scope of the enormous aftermarket this engine has spawned. There’s a universe of replacement and go-fast bits and pieces for the Mazda rotary.On the other hand, the RX-8’s body panels were unique to what was effectively a pretty niche model. So, some trim items and body panels might be getting a bit harder to find. A local race series for the RX-8 probably consumed its share of spare body panels, too.Mazda Australia sold about 6500 RX-8s across the model’s lifespan here. That means there aren’t exactly hundreds of them for sale at any given time and you may have to be patient to find the right one.Again, that local race series for RX-8 will have thinned the ranks of survivors.

Say what you like about the new Chinese brands infiltrating every volume market sector right now. Because love them or hate them, they are pushing down the price of admission to those segments. The plug-in hybrid dual-cab ute segment might be a relatively new one, but it's already a hotly contested battleground. And with the Australian-ised JAC Hunter PHEV now rolling in, it just got hotter.

We normally associate the Mercedes-Benz brand with luxury passenger cars. But the world of Mercedes commercial vehicles is a well established and respected one, too. Popular in Europe, the M-B commercial range is spearheaded by the Sprinter line-up of trucks, vans and busses and Australia has seen its share of them over the years, too.The second generation (code-named W906) was sold here from 2006 to 2018 and, in the process, helped Mercedes commercials get a good foothold in this market.And if you think luxury cars have a bewildering range of options and specifications, the Sprinter line-up over the years puts them all to shame. It’s reckoned the various permutations of Sprinters could generate as many as 1000 different vehicles. It’s easy to believe, too, and even in Australia, Sprinters have been available as vans, busses and cab-chassis formats, with choices including high and low-roof options, short-, mid- and long-wheelbase layouts, single or dual cabs, various driveline choices and even the option of all-wheel drive.Yet for all that diversity, the vast majority of them have been painted white (the only no-cost paint choice in many commercial vehicles).Nearly all Sprinters of this generation sold in Australia were powered by turbo-diesel engines (either four cylinder or V6) and were fitted with five- or six-speed manual gearboxes or six or seven-speed automatic transmissions. Improved engines were added as time passed, usually with a small uptick in performance and economy, but by and large, the engines remained very similar across the 12 years the W906 was on sale here. Any second-hand commercial vehicle can be a can of worms due to the way it’s been used in the past. While some fleets are meticulous in terms of servicing and maintenance, others are not so careful. And even though it’s built to commercial-vehicle standards and specifications, neglect like that can ruin any vehicle.But if you find a good one, a Sprinter has the potential to change your views on commercials with dynamics and quality that are a cut above the rest of the white-van pack.And let’s face it, a good van is worth its weight in gold when you really, really need one for a specific task. And with Mercedes’ decades of experience in this type of vehicle, the Sprinter often gets it just right. The reliability and durability of a Sprinter van is much more likely to be determined by the vehicle’s service history than any inherent faults. That said, there are a few things to watch, but the Mercedes is probably one of the better commercial vans for reliability. Some owners have reported slippage and slow shifting in automatic Sprinters. The good news is this often seems to require nothing more than a transmissions service with new fluid to put things right. The trade reckons the automatic transmissions in the Sprinter need such a service every 120,000km.Sprinters with Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) can have trouble with blocked filters that require either manual cleaning or replacement. Sluggish performance and poor fuel economy are early signs of this.Manual Sprinters can develop wear in the shifter mechanism that can lead to a noisy, sloppy shift action and tricky selection. This is usually caused by worn bushings that can be replaced fairly easily.The Sprinter has a reputation for oil leaks from the oil cooler as the odometer clocks up about 170,000km. Replacing the offending seals is the fix.Turbochargers can develop leaks in their plumbing, allowing boost pressure to escape. Poor running, lots of black exhaust smoke and high fuel consumption are symptoms, as is a hissing noise from under the bonnet. The plastic trunking is the culprit but is pretty easy to replace. This generation of Sprinter van has had its share of recalls, including common ones to attend to oil leaks, fuel leaks, wiring problems, software upgrades, sensors (for the ESP), seat-belt mounting bolts, park-brake problems and even a check to make sure vehicles were not fitted with a left-hand drive specification headlight that could dazzle oncoming drivers.But some other recalls affected very small numbers of vans, thanks to the huge range of shapes, sizes and layouts the Sprinter was available in. Those included a check on 21 examples for faulty paint, and another batch of 11 Sprinters to check whether some spot welds had been missed at the factory.Perhaps the one you really don’t want to miss these days was a recall for early-built Sprinters which may have had an engine problem that could cause the pistons to fail. Software upgrades were involved in the fix, but it would be worth checking to make sure this was done.You can find out more about any of these recalls by visiting https://www.vehiclerecalls.gov.au/ The trade generally regards the 2010 to 2013 Sprinters as the ones to avoid on the basis of changes of the vehicle’s emissions system. This era of Sprinter often used an additive (AdBlue) and the system was not without its problems including a propensity to send the car into limp-home mode.Beyond that, the later the build date the better quality and reliability seemed to get. Although European fleet operators don’t always travel as many kilometres per year as many Australian fleets, the Mercedes vans were designed for a long service life. Plenty have covered 300,000km or even 400,000km with no major problems, so a high-mileage Sprinter shouldn’t necessarily be overlooked, provided it’s been serviced properly.Most Sprinters sold here were built in one of Mercedes’ German factories, so build quality is pretty good, it seems. The turbo-diesel engine is a no-brainer for a vehicle like this, and a Sprinter with an automatic transmission will be much nicer to live with in the city and suburbs. From there, your decision should be based on what you’re actually going to lug around with the vehicleThe vans with sliding doors are popular and represent the most practical buy for many users. But make sure the one you buy has the load rating you need to stay legal on the road.And don’t rule out the Volkswagen Crafter of this era which was a Sprinter underneath. Previous and subsequent VW vans were all VW’s work, but this vintage Crafter was a rebadged Sprinter and might even be a bit cheaper to buy if you can find one. Prices for useable Sprinters with some life left in them start at around the $10,000 mark or maybe a little less. There are cheaper ones to be found, but they’re a fair chance to be on their last legs as only a well-used commercial vehicle can be.Modifications such as refrigerated bodies, wheelchair-accessible fit-outs and camping conversions all add value to a used Sprinter compared with a standard one. But make sure any modifications have been done properly and cleared by an engineer so that the resulting vehicle is legal to drive on the road and insurable. Because the Sprinter was an international model, there are literally hundreds of online sellers who will have the parts you need. You can source many parts locally, but be aware that Mercedes dealership prices on some items will be higher than independent specialists.The same goes for servicing and while there are plenty of M-B dealerships across Australia, equally there are plenty of independent workshops that specialise in this brand and have, on balance, a more palatable hourly labour rate. Mercedes sold plenty of this generation Sprinter, particularly since it was on sale for about 12 years (a pretty good innings even by commercial-vehicle standards). In 2019, for instance, Mercedes retailed almost 3500 Sprinters across all body styles and specifications, so there are plenty still out there now.The fact that the Sprinter has outlived a lot of its competition from back in the day, also makes them more visible when shopping for a second-hand example.

Skoda is a somewhat strange brand in Australia where it blossomed quite late after being brought into the Volkswagen family. The brand is seen as slightly left of centre in some regards, but utterly practical and sensible in terms of things like layout and packaging.The Skoda Kodiaq is the company’s mid-sized seven-seat SUV. It incorporates all-wheel drive which operates mostly as a front-wheel drive system.Engine choices consist of a 2.0-litre turbo-petrol engine with 132kW, a 2.0 litre turbo-diesel with 140kW and a retuned version of that engine (with an extra turbocharger) with 176kW for the sportier variants. All Kodiaqs used a seven-speed dual-clutch auto transmission with a wet-clutch design.A facelift for 2018 brought a larger 9.2 inch touchscreen and a Sportline trim variant joined the range with its 20-inch alloy wheels and blacked out trim. The other notable addition was the 2022 Kodiaq RS which ditched the turbo-diesel engine for a 180kW turbo-petrol 2.0 litre.Within the Skoda company, this generation of the Kodiaq was known as the NS model.Built on the VW Tiguan’s platform, the Kodiaq is one of the smaller seven-seaters you can buy. In turn, that means the third row seats are exclusively for kids, and smaller ones at that, so it’s an occasional seven-seater for growing Aussie families. If you regularly move more than five bodies, there are better alternatives.What the Kodiaq does have, though, is a big chunk of personality. It’s practical in the way it's laid out and equipped and a bit more playful to look at than the Tiguan it shares so much with. If sporty driving fun is important to you, the Skoda scores a few more points over some of its peers.There will be people who will tell you their Skoda has been the most reliable car they’ve ever owned. And while it’s true build quality and materials are up to the VW family’s usual high standards, the Skoda, based as it is on the Volkswagen Tiguan mechanical platform, has had its share of reliability problems.Overall the picture is not bad and certainly not as terrible as those dark days of VW quality of a decade earlier.The turbocharged 2.0-litre petrol engine has a reputation for liking a drop of oil, but this is down to the design, not a fault with the engine. It uses low-friction piston rings (as do a lot of modern engine designs) and the small amount of oil consumed is more than offset by the fuel savings of the low-friction engine. Owners still need to keep an eye on the oil level, however.The demons of earlier dual-clutch transmissions seem to have been expelled by the time the Kodiaq NS turned up. Even so, you need to see a full service history to be sure and make certain during the test drive the transmission is not slow to select gears or that it doesn't shudder when you take off from a green light. These symptoms point to costly transmission woes.As a seven-seat family car, you also need to make sure the interior hasn’t been pummelled by years of carting kids, dogs and pushbikes around.The Kodiaq had been the subject of a handful or recalls, including one to check whether all the required nuts securing the rear seat had been fitted at the factory. Another was to ensure part of the engine’s plastic cover didn’t contact the turbocharger unit, which could have caused an under-bonnet fire.Possibly the most critical recall, though, was one involving the infamous Takata airbags that were fitted to some Kodiaq and needed to be replaced before they were needed in a crash. You can check out the details at https://www.vehiclerecalls.gov.au/ to see if your car was affected. The alternative is to contact Skoda Australia’s customer service department for a VIN check.Not much changed mechanically over the years the NS model was on sale, so the Kodiaq to avoid now is the one lacking a full service history, with higher kilometres, or evidence of having been neglected or knocked about, rather than one with a particular build date.Experience with VW Group products has taught many people to be suspicious of cars with high mileage. Certainly, any second-hand Kodiaq with a big number on its odometer would force you to check the service history of that car very carefully.The vast majority of Kodiaqs from this series of cars have travelled less than 200,000km, so there’s no intel yet on how they’ll fare with even bigger distances on board.While the Kodiaq featured a maximum five-star safety package as standard, the one to buy now is not a specific trim level, but an example where the original purchaser ordered the Luxury Pack.The Luxury Pack added convenience stuff like ventilated, heated and memory front seats, matrix LED headlights, steering wheel paddles, tri-zone climate-control, as well as some important safety additions such as a 360-degree camera view, lane-keeping assistance, blind-spot monitoring and rear cross-traffic alert. It’s worth the extra for that safety gear alone.Low to mid-teens is where the action starts here, but for that sort of money, you’ll probably be buying a relatively high-mileage example with at least 180,000 or 190,000km on board and perhaps even more.At the other end of the price scale, there’s lots of choice in late model Kodiaqs with little more than demonstrator mileage (sub-10,000km) showing. These are being offered for anything from low $50,000s to $60,000 and occasionally even more than that. That said, they’re basically brand-new cars at that point.Skoda dealerships are not as plentiful as Volkswagen showrooms, but the reality is that a VW dealer should be able to help with much of a Skoda’s servicing requirements. That goes for parts supply, too, and it’s also true to say an independent workshop specialising in late-model VWs should also cope easily with a Skoda.The exception to that will be in terms of body panels and trim pieces which are Skoda-specific. But the Kodiaq is a global model, so there’s plenty of online and overseas sources for such things.Like VW generally, the Skoda brand has a huge enthusiast following, so performance-oriented replacement parts are also readily available from a variety of vendors.Kodiaq sales represent a decent chunk of Skoda’s Australian sales. But as a fairly niche brand, that doesn’t mean Kodiaqs are everywhere. In fact, Skoda sells between 1000 and 2000 Kodiaqs a year in this country, making its stablemate the VW Tiguan, a much more common sight on roads and in the for-sale classifieds.

Audi’s A8 is the third member of the big German luxury sedan crew, sharing marketplace space with the BMW 7 Series and Mercedes-Benz S-Class. It boasts the same sharply-cut-suit looks as its peers but, in some ways, is the more technically advanced car. Somehow, however, it was never as popular as the other big Germans. Which is not to say it isn’t worth looking at now.Code-named the 4H series in Audi-speak, the 2010 A8 was available in long- and short-wheelbase forms and with a choice of either a 3.0-litre V6 turbo-diesel with 184kW or a 4.2 litre petrol V8 with 273kW. Just for something left field, Audi also offered a 4.1-litre twin-turbo diesel V8 with 258kW but a stonking 800Nm of torque.All variants used an eight-speed automatic and the A8 was all-wheel drive, which is something its major competitors didn’t have.The car was facelifted for the 2014 model year at which point the magnificent petrol V8 was dropped from the line-up and two revised turbo-diesels appeared. The first was a V6 with 190kW and the other a V8 with 283kW and now 850Nm. The latter was available only as a short-wheelbase car.Standard equipment levels and inbuilt safety were major features of the big Audi and it remains an impressive car to drive and look at. The A8’s other big selling point was its aluminium chassis which helped offset some of the mass of the 'quattro' all-wheel drive system.The A8 is a lovely car to ride in and a decent thing to drive as well. It was set up with comfort in mind, but the quattro all-wheel drive system also lends an added margin of safety in terms of grip in slippery conditions.If anything, though, it lacks the imposing visuals of the BMW 7 Series or Mercedes-Benz S-Class, and from some angles, looks like an enlarged A4 or A6. The interior is pure Audi, which is another way of saying excellent.Because new tech – including safety gear – is usually first seen in the high-spec models from each carmaker, the A8 hit the market as a very safe car for the time. Even now, it boasts some equipment that is still optional on cheaper brand-new cars.Sophisticated cars often wind up with sophisticated problems later in life. The Audi is not perfect in this regard, but it is well made and used quality materials. The fundamentals are good although, like any car, poor maintenance and servicing will show up eventually. And when repairs are needed on a high-end car like this, they won’t be cheap.The first thing to look for in an A8 is any evidence or history of crash damage. That’s because the aluminium chassis and body is difficult to repair properly and requires a specialist workshop to get it right. Even the factory used specialist techniques to build the cars and a lot of the bodywork and panel alignment was somewhat hand-finished. So a close check of the frame and underbody is a must.The A8 was also caught up in the Volkswagen family’s shameful 'Dieselgate' scandal where many brands and models were fitted with devices and software designed to trick the official fuel consumption test for a better number than the car could actually achieve in the real world. The V6-powered A8s were part of this and should, by now, have been returned to Audi for a software update to negate this 'cheat'.On 4.2-litre petrol V8 variants, some owners have reported a problem with carbon build-up on the intake valves. This is due to the direct-injection system where fuel is sprayed directly into the combustion chambers rather than across the back of the intake valve. As such, the valves don’t get washed clean and carbon can build up, affecting performance. To be perfectly fair, this is not an Audi-specific problem and can affect many engines using direct-injection.The A8 hasn’t had too bad a run with safety recalls, but that’s not to say there haven’t been some recalls over the years this generation A8 was on sale.Recalls for the A8 have included problems with the glass sunroof suddenly shattering, transmission oil leaks, power steering leaks in V8 models, engine-bay seals leaking, a potential for incorrect deployment of both front airbags and seat-belt pretensioners and another to check on the oil supply to the engine’s turbochargers.You can find the full details on these recalls by visiting: https://www.vehiclerecalls.gov.au/ .There’s no specific year to avoid here, but the one A8 we’d be very wary of would be an ex-hotel limousine. Flash Aussie hotels often used big German sedans for this task, so take a close look at the rear seat (which will be as worn as the driver’s seat in a hotel limo) and the rear bumper which could be scratched from having a million suitcases dragged over it. The mileage is also likely to be higher than the average A8 thanks to a lifetime of slogging between the city and airport and sitting in traffic in between.And, obviously, any big, sophisticated car like this must have a complete and up to date service history or you could be buying all sorts of trouble down the track.Aside from those ex-hotel limos we were talking about, the A8 doesn’t seem to rack up huge mileages. So, an example with less than 200,000km showing and a clean service history should be able to offer plenty of life for the next owner.Even with its all-wheel drive and aluminium structure, the A8 was hardly a sporty car in an overall sense. So why not make the most of the luxury on tap and find a long-wheelbase version which will also accommodate lanky teenagers in the back much better. And the all-wheel drive will be a great safety bonus when those same kids start learning to drive.While the turbo-diesels have the potential to be very frugal, the Audi 4.2-litre petrol V8 remains one of the sweetest, most sonorous production V8s ever made. So that’s the one we’d go shopping for.There’s a rule in the luxury car market when it comes to second-hand examples. And that’s called the Funnel Effect. Fundamentally, it suggests that while there are enough captains of industry to lease luxury cars brand-new, there aren’t enough private buyers willing to spend that sort of money for a second-hand one. And that’s when trade-in values plummet. The Audi A8 is far from immune to this.Which means there are some great buys out there for a fraction of the cost of the walk-up price when the cars were brand-new. You’ll find decent 4H A8s out there now for $20,000 or so, and they won’t necessarily have huge mileages on board. Pony up to about $30,000 and you are in the realm of some seriously good second-hand A8s.Many of the A8’s driveline components are shared with other high-end Volkswagen Group makes and models, so even though the A8 itself was a fairly niche model, there’s plenty of knowledge and parts available.The Audi brand is also popular with enthusiast motorists, too, so there’s a big online community offering support and parts supply.You need to bear in mind, also, that the Audi is a large, heavy, relatively powerful vehicle so it will consume its fair share of tyres and brake pads and this needs to be factored into annual running costs.

Electric delivery vans are getting cheaper, and there's a bit of an arms race on now to see who can get their EV van on to the market at a sub-$50,000 price-tag. A new brand called Cavan is the latest to weigh in with a van called the C1 which promises a lot for a small outlay. But does the reality of the C1 match the hype? And can you feel where the money has been engineered out of it?

Sometimes, a vehicle facelift doesn’t amount to much. Maybe a nip here, a tuck there, but to be sure you’re looking at the new version, you need to check the badges.To be honest, the revised Polestar 3 SUV is a bit of that, with very little to visually distinguish the facelift from the previous car. But underneath there are some serious upgrades which, in that oh-so-Swedish understated way, serve to make the Polestar 3 an even more tantalising prospect.The Polestar 3 has now moved to 800-volt technology which not only allows for faster charging, it also opens up the prospect of even more performance. A new generation of lithium-ion batteries also means greater range potential.But it’s nice to see that Polestar hasn’t limited its attention to the drivetrain; there’s now a revised anti-roll-bar system and a recalibration of the power steering assistance. Which just goes to show that even though brands like Polestar trade on being an all-electric solution, there are still some engineers in Sweden who know how the rest of a car should work.Meantime, the medium-large SUV space is a very crowded one right now, so the question is whether the new tech – invisible as it is – is enough to keep the Polestar 3 carving out its slice of that market.

Although it was never a huge seller, the GM2 (Honda’s in-house code) Honda City four-door sedan was eventually replaced by the GM6 model, and with that update came a bigger car in pretty much every direction, further differentiating the City from the more popular Honda Jazz hatchback.The GM6 City was both longer and taller than the car it replaced and, crucially, there was an extra 50mm in the wheelbase, giving both a larger cabin and more boot space. Clearly, Honda had worked out that City buyers were a pragmatic bunch.Mechanically, not much had changed, though, and the 1.5-litre four-cylinder engine with its fairly meagre 88kW remained the only choice. You could still get a five-speed manual, but only in the entry-level version, and just about everybody who bought a City brand new specified the continuously variable transmission (CVT) anyway.Trim levels were also unchanged with the VTi the base version and the VTi-L for those who had a bit more to spend. The VTi-L step-up got you paddle shifters for the CVT (an affectation, to be sure) a leather-clad steering wheel, better stereo and 16-inch alloy wheels. Curiously, the VTi had simple, steel wheels of 15 inches.Generally, yes. Even though the City is built in Thailand and not Honda’s home-base of Japan, quality seems pretty good. You also get Honda’s engineering flair in the case of the zingy little engine with its variable valve timing and great fuel economy. But that doesn’t mean the City will appeal to keener drivers out there; the suspension is too soft and the steering too slow for that.If you don’t need the arguably more versatile packaging of a hatchback, then the City’s roomy interior and boot makes plenty of sense.Just bear in mind that `good’ doesn’t mean sexy.But in this case it does mean safe and the City scored the maximum five stars for safety in local independent testing.Like the vast majority of Hondas built anywhere in the world, the City seems to be pretty robust and able to go the distance. That, however, is on the proviso that it’s been maintained, but that goes for any make and model.Overall, instances of major failures and owner complaints are few and far between.Probably the most common problem exhibited by the Honda City is a CVT that shudders on take-off or slips or jerks when the driver applies a load to the driveline. The good news is that, unlike many CVTs from other makers, the Honda’s unit is a lot stronger (possibly due to the fact that Honda makes its own CVT to its own standards) and problems like these are often fixed with a change of transmission fluid to replace the old, dirty fluid.The exception is the model year 2014 City, a batch of which was fitted with an incorrect shaft within the transmission. Under high loads, this shaft could sheer off, leaving the vehicle with either no drive at all, or locked front wheels. A Honda dealer can check the VIN of a particular City and know whether it was affected by this.Most experts reckon the CVT fluid should be changed every 50,000km to keep everything running smoothly and reduce wear to a minimum.The exception to this good track record will be the City that has been neglected in regards to its routine maintenance. The complex little engine uses a maze of tiny oilways to power its variable valve timing and lift function (which gives the engine its sparkle). But if regular servicing has been missed, these oilways can soon fill up with sludge and dirt, at which point the engine can’t perform properly.The City also uses a timing chain, so that component should last the life of the car and not need periodic replacement like a toothed rubber belt in many other makes and models.The City GM6 was recalled twice, the first for that CVT with the dodgy internal shaft that could fail at any time. The other recall was for a batch of cars built across 2019 and 2020, in which the electric fuel pump could suddenly die, leaving you stranded wherever that failure occurred.You can search for more recall data at: https://www.vehiclerecalls.gov.au/That 2014 batch of Citys with the iffy shaft in their CVT are the ones to avoid now. Although if the car has been fixed as part of the associated safety recall, then the modified City should be just as robust as any other City. But if the City you’re looking at is a manual-transmission car, disregard the above as it was only the CVT that was affected.Beyond that, buy on condition and service history rather than build date.The majority of Citys have never strayed too far from the, er, city. Nor have they been embraced by couriers and Uber drivers, so you don’t see too many with a lot of kilometres on board.That said, there’s absolutely no reason to think that a well-serviced City won’t push through the 200,000km mark with lots of life left in it. In any case, a high percentage of Citys for sale right now have less than 100,000km on their odometers, suggesting lots of reliable motoring still to be had.We’d often advise against the version of any car with a CVT, but the Honda’s in-house CVT seems a lot better than most of the rest out there. So there’s no problem with a City with two pedals if that makes life easier. It will certainly make the car a lot easier to unload come trade-in time, too.And since the price difference between the VTi and the ritzier VTi-L version is a lot less now than when the car was brand new, there seems little reason not to opt for the more luxurious latter variant as a second-hand buy.Prices for early GM6 Citys start at around the $9000 or $10,000 mark, but they’ll nearly always be high-mileage cars (say, 160,000km or more, if that bothers you).Prices top out at closer to mid-to-high teens and for that, you’ll be buying a low-kilometre car in excellent condition. Just don’t forget to check the service history.Even though the City was not a huge seller here, parts and servicing are no problem. You can tap into the Honda dealer network and pay a little more, but the popularity of the Honda brand means there’s a huge aftermarket and enthusiast scene for the brand.Global popularity for Honda products generally means there’s also a healthy online marketplace for sourcing spare parts, service items and accessories.The City sales story is one of steadily falling volumes as the years have passed. Although the car sold a few thousand units in its first year or two of sales, buy the end of 2019, that figure had fallen to just over 600 sales for the year.That’s not a judgment on the Honda, but the reality of the small sedan market in this country as we shifted to hatchbacks and, notably, SUVs.

Ford’s Escape SUV has had a bit of a chequered past in terms of how it was marketed and what it represented. But, fundamentally, the version we saw launched here in 2020 as the fourth-gen Escape (the ZH model in Ford-speak) was more or less a third-generation Ford Kuga, engineered in Germany and built in Spain.Confused? Wait till you see the model line-up. Ford went against years of tradition by dumping established names such as Ambiente and Trend and kicked the new Escape off with the model simply badged FWD (front-wheel drive). From there, the range flowed through the ST-Line FWD and ST-Line AWD (all-wheel drive), then the rather grandly named Vignale (Ford picked up the Vignale badge as part of its buyout of De Tomaso in the 1970s) in both FWD and AWD forms.And shortly after the initial launch, Ford followed up with a model dubbed ST-Line PHEV which, as the name suggests, featured a plug-in hybrid driveline and was front-wheel drive.The vehicle itself was a five-seat mid-sized SUV that was actually pretty sporty to look at and, even in entry-level form, provided pretty stunning performance thanks to a racy driveline. All variants apart form the PHEV used a 2.0-litre petrol engine with a turbocharger for a rather stirring 183kW of power and lots of torque. Both FWD and AWD versions used the same eight-speed conventional automatic transmission.The PHEV was the odd-one-out, with its normally aspirated 2.5-litre four-cylinder engine and electric motor accounting for 167kW and driving through a continuously variable transmission (CVT).Far and away the biggest compliment the Escape gets is for its performance. That torquey turbo motor puts out plenty of power, meaning performance is pretty impressive as a result. So, if a mid-sized SUV with five seats and some decent straight-line stomp is what you’re after, then the Escape is indeed very possibly what you’re looking for.Beyond that, however, the Escape is a bit me-too and kind of disappeared into a sea of similarly sized, similarly priced SUVs from literally dozens of carmakers.The Escape doesn’t have a perfect reliability record, but it is better than the model it replaced. It’s still a pretty complex piece of machinery, though, so there are a few things to check before buying. A complete service record is also crucial to long-term reliability, as it is with any make or model.The news here is better than for previous Escapes, but still not perfect. That’s mainly because the old EcoBoost 2.0-litre engine was known for catastrophic failures and engine fires due to a flawed basic design. That engine had too little sealing surface area on the head gasket which meant that coolant could leak into the cylinders. When that happened, the engine could overheat to the point of causing a fire, or simply destroy itself in the process.But post-2020 versions of the engine used a more robust crankcase design that eliminated that problem.But the hybrid Escape wasn’t so lucky and has experienced problems with its high-voltage battery which could present a fire risk if it was one of the ones that had an inbuilt flaw in its construction. If you were unlucky enough to buy one of those (and there was no way to tell in the showroom) the flaw could have produced an internal short-circuit that may have caused a fire or complete battery failure down the track. The advice from Ford to owners of these cars was to not charge the battery beyond 80 per cent and to only drive in EV Auto mode until the car could be checked (see recalls section).Aside from that, the Escape has also been known to suffer cracked exhaust manifolds (which mounts the turbocharger) and premature fuel pump failures. Some owners have also experienced carbon build up in the engine’s valves. The Escape’s engine uses direct-injection so the valves are not `rinsed’ off by the fuel as it’s injected into the engine. A build up of carbon is often the result, but to be fair, this is not a Ford-specific thing and many other makes and models are similarly affected.Like a lot of complex vehicles, the Escape has had its share of safety recalls for owners to deal with. For the full story, you can check out https://www.vehiclerecalls.gov.au/ and search for this model, but in the meantime, here’s a thumbnail look at those recalls.The first was for early examples which may have had a fault in the engine-bay airflow management system. Shutters under the nose of the car that were designed to open and close as necessary may not have opened when they should have, and that posed a fire risk if there had been a fuel or oil spill at the same time.A batch of 2021-built cars were recalled to check the bonding of the glass panel of the panoramic sunroof which could detach at speed.PHEV Escapes built until 2024 were recalled to check for a manufacturing fault that could have led to a fire if the engine suddenly blew up (literally). Equally seriously, a batch of 2021 cars were recalled to check for excess play in the steering which could have led to steering failure if unchecked. The Escape was also recalled to check the reversing camera system which could glitch out and leave the screen blank when drivers most needed the system.Then there was the high-voltage battery problem we’ve already touched on. Apparently, a manufacturing flaw in the battery itself could lead to thermal runaway and an intense fire. It’s hard to imagine any Escape PHEV not having been checked for this problem by now, but it’s still worth making sure. You can do that at a Ford dealership.Like a lot of cars, Ford gradually worked the bugs out of the Escape, so the best one now (and the one least affected by recall notices) is a late-model example. The later the build date, the better, more bug-free the car is likely to be.You’ll see the odd Escape for sale with more than 160,000km, but that will definitely be in the minority. Most for sale now have travelled closer to 100,000km or even less, suggesting there’s plenty of life left in them. There are even a few for sale online that are showing super-low mileage, suggesting they may actually be leftover demonstrator models, even though the Escape officially left showrooms back at the end of 2024.As a car ages, the difference between the cheapest and most expensive variants when brand new starts to shrink dramatically. With that in mind, the Vignale is the one to look for now. Do you really need an all-wheel-drive Escape when a front drive will do the job? Not really, but the all-wheel-drive option helps tame that feisty little engine’s power delivery and gives a safety margin on most road surfaces, wet or dry.The one we’d avoid would be the PHEV. Aside from the longer list of potential faults, it just never seemed as resolved or sorted as a modern PHEV should have been. And you’ll be missing out on that ripper little turbo motor which is clearly the highlight of the entire car.Prices start at about $15,000 for cars in good condition and with relatively low kilometres showing. You’ll be buying a front-drive car for that sort of money, although you might get lucky and spot an all-wheel-drive version for under $20,000.A high-spec all-wheel-drive, late-model Escape is yours for about $30,000 or more, and should have fewer than 50,000km on its odometer. The best value is probably somewhere between those two extremes, and look for a car with some factory warranty remaining. That’s great peace of mind.Ford has one of the biggest dealer networks in Australia and, thanks to the long history of Ford vehicles in this country, many of those are situated in regional areas. As such, repair and service parts should never really be a problem, even though the Escape is something of an orphan in this market.Parts are readily available through traditional retailers and there’s good online support, too. Servicing can also be handled by any decent independent workshop which should also be able to stamp the service handbook to protect any remaining new-car warranty.The Escape was largely overlooked by buyers, mainly because the mid-sized SUV market was, and is, such a crowded space. Plenty of competition from other established badges such as Mazda, Toyota and Nissan, as well as the march of the Chinese brands, meant that the Escape was ignored by many.The result was that, even in its best year (2020) Ford sold just over 2000 Escapes; a long way short of the 35,000 sales recorded by the Toyota RAV 4 the same year. And that’s why even the big online sales sites now have less than 100 ZH Escapes for sale right now.