Articles by David Morley

Sometimes, a vehicle facelift doesn’t amount to much. Maybe a nip here, a tuck there, but to be sure you’re looking at the new version, you need to check the badges.To be honest, the revised Polestar 3 SUV is a bit of that, with very little to visually distinguish the facelift from the previous car. But underneath there are some serious upgrades which, in that oh-so-Swedish understated way, serve to make the Polestar 3 an even more tantalising prospect.The Polestar 3 has now moved to 800-volt technology which not only allows for faster charging, it also opens up the prospect of even more performance. A new generation of lithium-ion batteries also means greater range potential.But it’s nice to see that Polestar hasn’t limited its attention to the drivetrain; there’s now a revised anti-roll-bar system and a recalibration of the power steering assistance. Which just goes to show that even though brands like Polestar trade on being an all-electric solution, there are still some engineers in Sweden who know how the rest of a car should work.Meantime, the medium-large SUV space is a very crowded one right now, so the question is whether the new tech – invisible as it is – is enough to keep the Polestar 3 carving out its slice of that market.

Although it was never a huge seller, the GM2 (Honda’s in-house code) Honda City four-door sedan was eventually replaced by the GM6 model, and with that update came a bigger car in pretty much every direction, further differentiating the City from the more popular Honda Jazz hatchback.The GM6 City was both longer and taller than the car it replaced and, crucially, there was an extra 50mm in the wheelbase, giving both a larger cabin and more boot space. Clearly, Honda had worked out that City buyers were a pragmatic bunch.Mechanically, not much had changed, though, and the 1.5-litre four-cylinder engine with its fairly meagre 88kW remained the only choice. You could still get a five-speed manual, but only in the entry-level version, and just about everybody who bought a City brand new specified the continuously variable transmission (CVT) anyway.Trim levels were also unchanged with the VTi the base version and the VTi-L for those who had a bit more to spend. The VTi-L step-up got you paddle shifters for the CVT (an affectation, to be sure) a leather-clad steering wheel, better stereo and 16-inch alloy wheels. Curiously, the VTi had simple, steel wheels of 15 inches.Generally, yes. Even though the City is built in Thailand and not Honda’s home-base of Japan, quality seems pretty good. You also get Honda’s engineering flair in the case of the zingy little engine with its variable valve timing and great fuel economy. But that doesn’t mean the City will appeal to keener drivers out there; the suspension is too soft and the steering too slow for that.If you don’t need the arguably more versatile packaging of a hatchback, then the City’s roomy interior and boot makes plenty of sense.Just bear in mind that `good’ doesn’t mean sexy.But in this case it does mean safe and the City scored the maximum five stars for safety in local independent testing.Like the vast majority of Hondas built anywhere in the world, the City seems to be pretty robust and able to go the distance. That, however, is on the proviso that it’s been maintained, but that goes for any make and model.Overall, instances of major failures and owner complaints are few and far between.Probably the most common problem exhibited by the Honda City is a CVT that shudders on take-off or slips or jerks when the driver applies a load to the driveline. The good news is that, unlike many CVTs from other makers, the Honda’s unit is a lot stronger (possibly due to the fact that Honda makes its own CVT to its own standards) and problems like these are often fixed with a change of transmission fluid to replace the old, dirty fluid.The exception is the model year 2014 City, a batch of which was fitted with an incorrect shaft within the transmission. Under high loads, this shaft could sheer off, leaving the vehicle with either no drive at all, or locked front wheels. A Honda dealer can check the VIN of a particular City and know whether it was affected by this.Most experts reckon the CVT fluid should be changed every 50,000km to keep everything running smoothly and reduce wear to a minimum.The exception to this good track record will be the City that has been neglected in regards to its routine maintenance. The complex little engine uses a maze of tiny oilways to power its variable valve timing and lift function (which gives the engine its sparkle). But if regular servicing has been missed, these oilways can soon fill up with sludge and dirt, at which point the engine can’t perform properly.The City also uses a timing chain, so that component should last the life of the car and not need periodic replacement like a toothed rubber belt in many other makes and models.The City GM6 was recalled twice, the first for that CVT with the dodgy internal shaft that could fail at any time. The other recall was for a batch of cars built across 2019 and 2020, in which the electric fuel pump could suddenly die, leaving you stranded wherever that failure occurred.You can search for more recall data at: https://www.vehiclerecalls.gov.au/That 2014 batch of Citys with the iffy shaft in their CVT are the ones to avoid now. Although if the car has been fixed as part of the associated safety recall, then the modified City should be just as robust as any other City. But if the City you’re looking at is a manual-transmission car, disregard the above as it was only the CVT that was affected.Beyond that, buy on condition and service history rather than build date.The majority of Citys have never strayed too far from the, er, city. Nor have they been embraced by couriers and Uber drivers, so you don’t see too many with a lot of kilometres on board.That said, there’s absolutely no reason to think that a well-serviced City won’t push through the 200,000km mark with lots of life left in it. In any case, a high percentage of Citys for sale right now have less than 100,000km on their odometers, suggesting lots of reliable motoring still to be had.We’d often advise against the version of any car with a CVT, but the Honda’s in-house CVT seems a lot better than most of the rest out there. So there’s no problem with a City with two pedals if that makes life easier. It will certainly make the car a lot easier to unload come trade-in time, too.And since the price difference between the VTi and the ritzier VTi-L version is a lot less now than when the car was brand new, there seems little reason not to opt for the more luxurious latter variant as a second-hand buy.Prices for early GM6 Citys start at around the $9000 or $10,000 mark, but they’ll nearly always be high-mileage cars (say, 160,000km or more, if that bothers you).Prices top out at closer to mid-to-high teens and for that, you’ll be buying a low-kilometre car in excellent condition. Just don’t forget to check the service history.Even though the City was not a huge seller here, parts and servicing are no problem. You can tap into the Honda dealer network and pay a little more, but the popularity of the Honda brand means there’s a huge aftermarket and enthusiast scene for the brand.Global popularity for Honda products generally means there’s also a healthy online marketplace for sourcing spare parts, service items and accessories.The City sales story is one of steadily falling volumes as the years have passed. Although the car sold a few thousand units in its first year or two of sales, buy the end of 2019, that figure had fallen to just over 600 sales for the year.That’s not a judgment on the Honda, but the reality of the small sedan market in this country as we shifted to hatchbacks and, notably, SUVs.

Ford’s Escape SUV has had a bit of a chequered past in terms of how it was marketed and what it represented. But, fundamentally, the version we saw launched here in 2020 as the fourth-gen Escape (the ZH model in Ford-speak) was more or less a third-generation Ford Kuga, engineered in Germany and built in Spain.Confused? Wait till you see the model line-up. Ford went against years of tradition by dumping established names such as Ambiente and Trend and kicked the new Escape off with the model simply badged FWD (front-wheel drive). From there, the range flowed through the ST-Line FWD and ST-Line AWD (all-wheel drive), then the rather grandly named Vignale (Ford picked up the Vignale badge as part of its buyout of De Tomaso in the 1970s) in both FWD and AWD forms.And shortly after the initial launch, Ford followed up with a model dubbed ST-Line PHEV which, as the name suggests, featured a plug-in hybrid driveline and was front-wheel drive.The vehicle itself was a five-seat mid-sized SUV that was actually pretty sporty to look at and, even in entry-level form, provided pretty stunning performance thanks to a racy driveline. All variants apart form the PHEV used a 2.0-litre petrol engine with a turbocharger for a rather stirring 183kW of power and lots of torque. Both FWD and AWD versions used the same eight-speed conventional automatic transmission.The PHEV was the odd-one-out, with its normally aspirated 2.5-litre four-cylinder engine and electric motor accounting for 167kW and driving through a continuously variable transmission (CVT).Far and away the biggest compliment the Escape gets is for its performance. That torquey turbo motor puts out plenty of power, meaning performance is pretty impressive as a result. So, if a mid-sized SUV with five seats and some decent straight-line stomp is what you’re after, then the Escape is indeed very possibly what you’re looking for.Beyond that, however, the Escape is a bit me-too and kind of disappeared into a sea of similarly sized, similarly priced SUVs from literally dozens of carmakers.The Escape doesn’t have a perfect reliability record, but it is better than the model it replaced. It’s still a pretty complex piece of machinery, though, so there are a few things to check before buying. A complete service record is also crucial to long-term reliability, as it is with any make or model.The news here is better than for previous Escapes, but still not perfect. That’s mainly because the old EcoBoost 2.0-litre engine was known for catastrophic failures and engine fires due to a flawed basic design. That engine had too little sealing surface area on the head gasket which meant that coolant could leak into the cylinders. When that happened, the engine could overheat to the point of causing a fire, or simply destroy itself in the process.But post-2020 versions of the engine used a more robust crankcase design that eliminated that problem.But the hybrid Escape wasn’t so lucky and has experienced problems with its high-voltage battery which could present a fire risk if it was one of the ones that had an inbuilt flaw in its construction. If you were unlucky enough to buy one of those (and there was no way to tell in the showroom) the flaw could have produced an internal short-circuit that may have caused a fire or complete battery failure down the track. The advice from Ford to owners of these cars was to not charge the battery beyond 80 per cent and to only drive in EV Auto mode until the car could be checked (see recalls section).Aside from that, the Escape has also been known to suffer cracked exhaust manifolds (which mounts the turbocharger) and premature fuel pump failures. Some owners have also experienced carbon build up in the engine’s valves. The Escape’s engine uses direct-injection so the valves are not `rinsed’ off by the fuel as it’s injected into the engine. A build up of carbon is often the result, but to be fair, this is not a Ford-specific thing and many other makes and models are similarly affected.Like a lot of complex vehicles, the Escape has had its share of safety recalls for owners to deal with. For the full story, you can check out https://www.vehiclerecalls.gov.au/ and search for this model, but in the meantime, here’s a thumbnail look at those recalls.The first was for early examples which may have had a fault in the engine-bay airflow management system. Shutters under the nose of the car that were designed to open and close as necessary may not have opened when they should have, and that posed a fire risk if there had been a fuel or oil spill at the same time.A batch of 2021-built cars were recalled to check the bonding of the glass panel of the panoramic sunroof which could detach at speed.PHEV Escapes built until 2024 were recalled to check for a manufacturing fault that could have led to a fire if the engine suddenly blew up (literally). Equally seriously, a batch of 2021 cars were recalled to check for excess play in the steering which could have led to steering failure if unchecked. The Escape was also recalled to check the reversing camera system which could glitch out and leave the screen blank when drivers most needed the system.Then there was the high-voltage battery problem we’ve already touched on. Apparently, a manufacturing flaw in the battery itself could lead to thermal runaway and an intense fire. It’s hard to imagine any Escape PHEV not having been checked for this problem by now, but it’s still worth making sure. You can do that at a Ford dealership.Like a lot of cars, Ford gradually worked the bugs out of the Escape, so the best one now (and the one least affected by recall notices) is a late-model example. The later the build date, the better, more bug-free the car is likely to be.You’ll see the odd Escape for sale with more than 160,000km, but that will definitely be in the minority. Most for sale now have travelled closer to 100,000km or even less, suggesting there’s plenty of life left in them. There are even a few for sale online that are showing super-low mileage, suggesting they may actually be leftover demonstrator models, even though the Escape officially left showrooms back at the end of 2024.As a car ages, the difference between the cheapest and most expensive variants when brand new starts to shrink dramatically. With that in mind, the Vignale is the one to look for now. Do you really need an all-wheel-drive Escape when a front drive will do the job? Not really, but the all-wheel-drive option helps tame that feisty little engine’s power delivery and gives a safety margin on most road surfaces, wet or dry.The one we’d avoid would be the PHEV. Aside from the longer list of potential faults, it just never seemed as resolved or sorted as a modern PHEV should have been. And you’ll be missing out on that ripper little turbo motor which is clearly the highlight of the entire car.Prices start at about $15,000 for cars in good condition and with relatively low kilometres showing. You’ll be buying a front-drive car for that sort of money, although you might get lucky and spot an all-wheel-drive version for under $20,000.A high-spec all-wheel-drive, late-model Escape is yours for about $30,000 or more, and should have fewer than 50,000km on its odometer. The best value is probably somewhere between those two extremes, and look for a car with some factory warranty remaining. That’s great peace of mind.Ford has one of the biggest dealer networks in Australia and, thanks to the long history of Ford vehicles in this country, many of those are situated in regional areas. As such, repair and service parts should never really be a problem, even though the Escape is something of an orphan in this market.Parts are readily available through traditional retailers and there’s good online support, too. Servicing can also be handled by any decent independent workshop which should also be able to stamp the service handbook to protect any remaining new-car warranty.The Escape was largely overlooked by buyers, mainly because the mid-sized SUV market was, and is, such a crowded space. Plenty of competition from other established badges such as Mazda, Toyota and Nissan, as well as the march of the Chinese brands, meant that the Escape was ignored by many.The result was that, even in its best year (2020) Ford sold just over 2000 Escapes; a long way short of the 35,000 sales recorded by the Toyota RAV 4 the same year. And that’s why even the big online sales sites now have less than 100 ZH Escapes for sale right now.

If you go right back into Honda history, you may recall the original Honda City was a tiny hatchback with odd, upright looks and a good dollop of charm. But fast forward to 2009 when this version, the GM2 hit showrooms, and the whole City concept had grown up somewhat.Yes, it was still a small car and undercut the Honda Civic in terms of price and size, but didn’t Honda already have the Jazz hatchback to fill the gap left by the original City?Or course it did. So where did that leave the City? Well, kind of in a no-man’s-land, and considering it was more or less mechanically a Jazz in sedan’s clothes, Honda was making things hard for itself. At this end of the market, hatchbacks were always the stronger players in Australia, by a huge margin in most cases, too. So the City’s straight-laced duds were pretty much guaranteed to hold it back.Launched here in 2009, the City was built in Thailand and was available in VTi and VTi-L specifications. All Cities were four-door sedans and the engine was the same in every variant; a 1.5-litre four-cylinder engine making 88kW and 145Nm. The only mechanical choice lay in the transmission and you could have a five-speed manual or a five-speed conventional automatic.But even though it was somewhat ignored by new-car buyers, as a used-car buy, the Honda starts to come back into the running as buyers’ original concerns over fashion and fripperies are replaced by a focus on reliability and long-term prospects.The City was a slow seller, but that had nothing to do with its quality or reliability. Instead, the somewhat dowdy four-door sedan styling was the sticking point, combined with the fact that everybody in this market segment really wanted a hatchback Honda Jazz.As a used-car, however, that fashionista stuff goes straight out the window, and the City re-emerges as a smart buy thanks to its sharp build quality and long-term prospects. This type of car was also usually bought brand-new by pretty conservative buyers who understood proper maintenance. And that makes the City an even better bet now.The City faithfully follows decades of Honda tradition by being well made and reliable. Chronic problems are few and most owners have enjoyed trouble-free experiences with the Honda.Although it’s a very clever mechanical system, Honda’s V-Tec variable valve timing system operates on tiny oilways and passages. That means any dirt of sludge in the oil is bad news as it can block these oilways and cause the V-Tec to simply not work. It’s certainly not a common problem on these cars, but a check of the service history is mandatory.We’ve also heard of a few Citys where the heater’s blower motor has failed. The first symptom will be a fan that only works on the flat-out setting. Replacing the fan is the only permanent fix, apparently.The majority of other complaints surround the build quality (this was a Thai-built car, not Japanese, remember) and things like high levels of interior noise. Again, the thinner carpet fitted to many Thai-built cars might be the culprit. Either way, the City never quite measured up to Honda’s otherwise lofty quality standards.The City is relatively free of recall notices apart form one major safety issue. The car was caught up in the Takata airbag fiasco that saw millions of cars affected by potentially faulty airbags that could injure and even kill passengers in a crash.As time passed and more and more cars were added to the list of affected vehicles, more and more recalls were issued for these airbags. A Honda dealer should be able to identify whether your car has been fixed or not. In some states, cars that have not had their Takata airbags replaced cannot even be re-registered.Beyond that, the City has a pretty clean record with just one other recall being for a potential fault within the clever V-Tec engine valve assembly. In some cases, a spring could break, allowing the car to stall without warning.You can check the details at https://www.vehiclerecalls.gov.au/.Since pretty much all Citys of this generation were affected by the Takara airbag recall, there’s not much to choose between the various years. Buy on condition and service history rather than build date.There’s the odd City out there from this generation with better than 200,000km on board, backing up the car’s reputation for overall reliability. But most of them for sale right now have travelled fewer kilometres than that, backing up the typical usage profile of the people who bought them brand-new.You can still find them with less then 100,000km showing, but we wouldn’t be put off by one with 160,000km on the odometer, provided the service history is complete and intact.A facelift in 2012 was the only real change to the City formula across its 'GM2' lifespan. And while it didn’t amount to a whole lot, it did bring thicker windscreen glass and carpets to help muffle some of the interior noise the vehicle was criticised for when new. Beyond that, buy purely on condition and service history.And, of course, if the budget will allow, buy the VTi-L for its extra standard equipment, since the price difference between VTi-L and the base-model VTi will be very small now.Prices start at around the $7000 to $8000 mark and top out at about $12,000 for exceptionally clean examples with moderate kilometres. Those prices are, in fact, pretty much line-ball with the City’s stablemate the Jazz. And given the latter’s hatchback layout and much greater popularity, that starts to make the City look a bit expensive, to be honest. That said, somewhere around $10K for a modern small sedan with a decent pedigree and plenty of life left in it is hardly extortion, is it?Even though the City was not a huge seller here, parts and servicing are no problem. You can tap into the Honda dealer network and pay a little more, but the popularity of the Honda brand means there’s a huge aftermarket and enthusiast scene for the brand.Global popularity for Honda products generally means there’s also a healthy online marketplace for sourcing spare parts, service items and accessories. Be wary of any overseas seller you haven’t used before, as aftermarket parts quality can vary enormously.Buyer indifference when it was brand new meant the City is now pretty thin on the ground as a used buy. In fact, after a brief flurry of sales when it was first launched, annual sales of the City dropped back to less than 2000 per year. Even a price-cut for the facelifted version in 2012 couldn’t stop the rot and probably less than a thousand City’s were sold after that.And that is why there’s now maybe a half a dozen GM2 Citys for sale even on the bigger online sales sites. Compared with the 40 or 50 Honda Jazzes from the same period for sale right now, you can see how the consumers voted.

It's easy to make a vehicle work on the road or off-road, but it's much harder to make it excel in both situations. But that's precisely what Range Rover did with the Sport model which combines effortless cruising with genuine off-road ability. It even looks great. But that's where the cheering stops, because this is a vehicle with a very patchy reliability record. But should you ignore it now?

Honda’s HR-V hasn’t been a consistent member of the local new-car community. While Honda launched the original HR-V in early 1999, before 2002 was out, the badge had disappeared from showrooms. And it wasn’t until 2015 that the HR-V made its return to Australia.In the meantime, the local market had changed with the cult of the SUV sweeping all before it. Which meant the new HR-V, rather than trading on the novelty of its 1999 original, hit the market as just another compact SUV.Mind you, this wasn’t just an HR-V thing, the whole aura around the Honda brand had also pretty much dissipated during those years, making the new HR-V’s job even more difficult.With its hidden rear door handles, the CR-V at first glance looked like a three-door, but was actually a five-door in line with buyer expectations in 2015. Even so, the rear seat was pretty cramped and if the HR-V is destined for family-car duties it will suit younger families with smaller kids best.There was only one driveline offered, a 1.8-litre four-cylinder petrol engine mated to a continuously variable transmission (CVT). The engine did not feature turbocharging as many did by then, but instead used Honda’s 'V-Tec' variable valve timing system which helped boost output. But the numbers tell the story and with just 105kW of power and 173Nm of torque, the HR-V was definitely on the mild side. All HR-Vs were front-wheel drive.Trim levels started with the VTi, VTi-S and the flagship VTi-L. Honda updated the vehicle in 2017 to include sat-nav, but the basic car remained unchanged.Within Honda, this model HR-V is known as the 'RU5'.The HR-V is a good car generally, although the accommodation has come in for some criticism over the years. The main complaints are that tight rear seat, but the front seats have also been criticised for a lack of comfort.But all is forgiven when the HR-V shows off its party piece, its clever rear seat which sees the cushions fold up to meet the backrest and you suddenly have a space wide and tall enough to swallow a push-bike.Reliability seems to be up to Honda’s usual high standards with very little in the way of known, recurring faults.The HR-V seems to follow Honda tradition here by being a pretty solid deal. Some owners have reported problems with the electronics, however, so a close check of all the buttons and switches is important before handing over the money.The biggest shadow is the one that lurks over every car with a CVT - the prospect of transmission woes in the future.The most common mechanical issue we uncovered concerns the HR-V’s CVT. But it’s worth noting even though the CVT is the main contributor to repair bills, it’s by no means a big chance to run amok. In fact, compared with the CVTs used by many other manufacturers, the Honda’s unit is a much better durability proposition.This is possibly because, unlike many carmakers, Honda doesn’t just buy in its CVT. Instead, the company designed and engineered its own CVT to take advantage of its efficiency potential without the long-term reliability hassles. And it seems to have worked.That said, some HR-V owners have reported juddering on take-off, a whining noise from the CVT and even slippage as the car tries to accelerate or travel up a hill. In some cars, these symptoms would symbolise the beginning of the end. But in the Honda’s case, the good news is the fix is usually quite simple.Those problems are very often caused by nothing more challenging than contaminated transmission fluid. This is crucial stuff in a CVT as the fluid not only cools the transmission, but also provides the driving force and the friction the steel belts need to make the whole thing work. Which is why a change of fluid in a HR-V has often fixed all these problems at once and for good.For the record, the experts reckon changing the fluid in your Honda CVT every 40,000km at the outside is the way to go, and should keep any problems at bay.Beyond that, some owners have reported the multimedia system freezing, but Honda dealers can usually fix that with a re-boot or a re-flash of the computer.The RU5 Honda HR-V is almost completely clear of safety recalls. The only one listed for the car was for examples built between 2018 and 2020 which could have had a faulty fuel pump. The pump had the potential to suddenly fail without warning, leaving the vehicle stranded wherever it was when the failure occurred.A Honda dealer will be able to tell you whether a particular HR-V was affected and whether the pump has been replaced as per the recall.Since Honda left the mechanical package alone as the HR-V aged, there’s not much to choose between the various years of manufacture. Instead, the HR-V we’d avoid would be one with a tow-bar fitted.The CVT lacked sufficient cooling for the HR-V to be a tow-vehicle, although there’s a chance (a very slight one) some owners added a transmission cooler to get around this. In any case, a tow-bar is not what you want to see on a second-hand HR-V.Hondas have long had a reputation for going the distance and the HR-V seems to echo that. There are plenty still getting around with 200,000km-plus on their odometers and performing well.As with any second-hand car, however, you need to buy one with a complete and up to date service history, or you’re taking a bigger punt than you need to. Modern Hondas seem to follow the dictum that they’ll be good long-term prospects provided they’ve been serviced correctly, and potentially problematic if not. Fortunately, Honda owners seem to understand this.The price difference between the various specifications was a decent chunk of change when new, but these days, the difference between a VTi and a VTi-L is much less. So the smart money says buy the highly specified version and enjoy the trinkets and convenience items.On a more practical level, the VTi-S and VTi-L were fitted with autonomous emergency braking (AEB) which worked up to 32km/h, while the VTi didn’t have this feature. That makes the higher-spec models even more appealing if it’s a younger driver who is going to be using the vehicle.The cheapest RU5 HR-Vs around now will be relatively high-milers with an early build-date. The starting price seems to be around the $10,0000 to $12,000 mark, but be prepared for the car to have covered 200,000km or more. Clearly, though, the HR-V is capable of this sort of mileage without becoming too much of a gamble.A late-build example in decent specification with very low kilometres on board can be had for around the $30,000 mark, or perhaps a little more.As well as traditional parts stores, Hondas are generally very well looked after by online sellers when it comes to repair and service parts. The Honda brand also has a huge enthusiast following, making parts and service even easier in this country.Just be careful when buying from overseas online sellers you haven’t dealt with before. But that goes for any make and model, not just the Honda.Honda’s changes to the way it retails cars a few years ago, also came with a slashing of the number of dealerships. In Melbourne alone, 10 dealerships were closed leaving just three at the time. These days, there are about 90 Honda dealerships across Australia, with around 60 of those in regional areas which is a high percentage for a brand like Honda.The HR-V was never a huge seller here, although you will find anything up to 300 for sale on the bigger online websites. The problem is its stablemate, the larger CR-V with the option of seven-seats, was seen by many families as the better way to go, leaving the HR-V somewhat ignored.

If there’s one thing we should have learned from COVID-19 lockdowns is that it’s important to take your fun seriously, and take it when you can. And perhaps that explains why sales of Isuzu’s N-Series 4X4 light trucks exploded during and just after the pandemic and continue to be strong performers right now.While the N-Series generally is this country’s best selling light truck (by a country mile) the 4X4 versions have a special appeal to the emergency services and mining and other industries in situations where a 4X4 dual-cab ute just won’t cut it. But if you venture into the Aussie outback right now, you’ll also see a swarm of 4X4 light trucks with specialist camper bodies bolted on to form a genuine go-anywhere alternative to a dual-cab ute or conventional four-wheel-drive and caravan combination. It seems the adventure travellers, grey nomads and plenty of other civilians have figured out the magic of the 4X4 light truck.But there’s still a bit of mystery around these vehicles. Questions like how hard are they to park, what do they cost, are they a chore to drive and, what ones can I drive on a car licence? So let’s dive in and tackle the three most popular N-Series 4X4s to get some answers.The simplest form of the N-Series all-wheel drive is the NMS which has a Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) of 4500kg and, therefore, can be driven on a normal car licence. With a 3.0-litre turbo-diesel and a nine-speed dual-clutch transmission, it runs part-time 4WD.Fundamentally, this is a derivative of the sort of trucks many countries (notably Japan where Isuzu is based) use commercially as snow-ploughs and similar. While the 4WD grip is necessary, extra ground clearance and super-low gear ratios are not, so the NMS has neither of those things.As a result, it’s a bit limited off road where the sump will eventually bottom out and it will run out of gearing on really steep stuff. That said, the nine-speed dual-clutch has a very low first gear, so it’s better at climbing hills than you might imagine.A much better alternative, however, is either the NPS or NQS which also get a two-speed transfer-case for those low ratios, as well as bigger wheels and tyres and a higher ride height for – frankly – brutal off-road ability. The engine is broadly the same as the NMS’ including the 3.0-litre engine.The catch is, however, that the standard 6500kg GVM means you need an endorsed licence to legally drive them. But Isuzu has a solution for that. With what amounts to a stroke of the pen, Isuzu can sell you an NPS or NQS with an official GVM of 4500kg, and suddenly, anybody with a car licence can join in the fun.The flip-side is that your payload falls by that same 2000kg difference, but if you specify the truck carefully with regard to what you add and leave off, you can squeak in under the GVM limit. And if you need more payload in the future for a bigger camper or more water tanks or whatever, Isuzu can re-rate the vehicle to the full 6500kg GVM while you get your licence endorsed.Of those two vehicles, the NQS probably represents the best choice for recreational users thanks to its nine-speed dual-clutch transmission that just makes life simpler in a big vehicle like this one. The NPS has a conventional six-speed manual with a very low first gear, but it’s another thing to deal with off-road and the shift is far from the slickest passenger car version of the same thing.You also miss out on a lot of safety kit in the manual variant. Things like autonomous emergency braking (AEB), lane-departure warning, electronic brake force distribution and adaptive cruise control (all standard on the dual-clutch NQS) are missing from the NPS.As it stands, The NPS gets anti-lock brakes and stability and traction controls, but that’s about it for electronic help. And in other aspects, all N-Series trucks fall short of passenger-car expectations. While you get a pair of front airbags and side intrusion bars in the front doors, the seat-belt for the centre-front passenger is a lap-only deal and pretensioners are only fitted to the two outside (three-point) belts.You can improve this situation by checking the 'Technology Pack' option box which adds a camera system, and tyre pressure monitoring and an alarm, but overall, the truck world has some catching up to do here. Perhaps the industry is relying on the truck’s inherent mass and height advantage over passenger vehicles to take care of crash safety. Either way, the Isuzu in any of its forms has not been independently crash tested, so there’s no star-rating available.The N-Series trucks we’re dealing with here all have a crew-cab option which ups the seating layout to six (four across the back seat). The cabins themselves feature a fair bit of hard plastic surfacing but the bigger touchscreens and more modern instrument layouts have helped make the interior feel more contemporary and less like a rent-a-truck.There’s a single 24-volt power outlet (the N-Series runs on 24 volts, not 12) and a single USB charge-port, but the real genius is in the storage options that include overhead spaces, door pockets, cupholder and extra cubbies you’ll still be finding weeks into the future.The switchgear is logically laid out, but a steering column that prevents left-foot braking further hinders familiarity at the wheel.The driving experience is pretty alien with your backside perched over the front axle and hectares of glass giving an amazing forward view (critical when off-roading). The ride is a bit sharp thanks to the load-carrying spring rates, but with a load on board, it’ll be much better. It’s not terrible as it is, but you will feel the bumps.That said, it’s the N-Series’ ability to handle those bumps that makes it a bit special. It climbs hills with ease and the dual rear tyres offer plenty of grip. Add some more off-road oriented rubber and it’d be even more formidable.The big question comes down to whether the Isuzu fits two things - your budget and the average bush track. The former is down to your bank account and at $75,814 for the NMS, $103,206 for the NPS and $111,315 for the NQS (all single-cab, tray-backs) these are not expensive compared with a brand-new LandCruiser 300 Series and a $150,000 of-road caravan (that won’t go where the Isuzu with a camper body will) but still not cheap vehicles.Then there’s the operating environment. Australia’s bush tracks have been shaped for the last five or six decades by old-school Land Rovers and LandCruisers. As such, they can be a bit narrow in places for an Isuzu N-Series and that may limit things in some situations. It’s not the end of the world, but something to keep in mind. Ditto underground parking stations.Isuzu’s warranty on the N-Series is three years or 150,000km which is off the pace compared with cars, but mainstream for the truck industry. Service intervals are every 12 months or 20,000km and there’s three years of roadside assistance. Servicing plans are available with a range of inclusions from basic maintenance to full packages that cover everything from wheel bearings to tail-light globes.

Although the original Nissan X-Trail was one of the first mid-sized SUVs to really gain popularity and set the tone for what was to come, by the time the third-generation X-Trail arrived in 2014, it was a bit of a me-too product. Code named the T32 model, the third-gen X-Trail was offered as a five or seven-seater, in either front or all-wheel drive and with a choice of two petrol four-cylinder engines. Those consisted of a 2.0-litre with 106kW and a 2.5-litre with 126kW.Both engines were available in five-seat form, but if you wanted seven seats or all-wheel drive, you needed to stump up for the bigger engine. At that point, you went from the 2.0-litre’s six-speed manual transmission to a continuously variable transmission (CVT).There was also a turbo-diesel X-Trail with 96kW and a choice of either front or all-wheel drive. The diesel was strictly a five-seater. The specification was a bit confusing, too, because the front-drive turbo-diesel X-Trail used a CVT while the all-wheel-drive diesel got a six-speed manual exclusively.The all-wheel-drive platform did not have a second set of lower ratios, and, in fact, worked as a front-wheel drive for most of the time. When the computer detected any slip, power would be sent to the rear axle, although for slippery surfaces, the driver could lock the vehicle into all-wheel drive at speeds up to 40km/h.Thousands of Australians would agree that the X-Trail is a good thing with decent dynamics and good packaging. The boxy body means it’s quite big inside, although the seven-seat variant is pretty tight on space in the third row. For smaller kids, this mightn’t make much difference, but teenagers are not going to be happy in the X-Trail’s third row. The front seats, however, are very good.Some of the interior plastics are clearly built down to a price, and hard usage (such as that meted out by young families) can leave the interior looking pretty tatty in short order.In driving terms, the X-Trail is decently refined although there is a bit of road noise to contend with. The turbo-diesel can feel a bit lethargic off idle, and the bigger petrol engine is the superior unit in the line-up.Overall, though, any fall-off in the X-Trail’s popularity over the years is almost certainly down to increased competition from other makes rather than any perceived problem with the X-Trail formula.Fundamentally, the X-Trail T32 is a solid and dependable car. But there’s one major flaw that many newish cars also suffer from. It doesn’t affect manual-transmission examples of the X-Trail, but those fitted with the CVT have an inbuilt fault, it seems.Indeed, the main reliability issue associated with the X-Trail is the CVT as fitted to 2.5-litre petrol versions as well as the front-drive variant of the turbo-diesel.Beyond that, the engines don’t seem to give trouble and since the vehicle is not an off-roader, you shouldn’t be faced with trashed examples.Let’s talk CVTs. In the Nissan’s case, the problem manifests as a vehicle that is slow to select Reverse or Drive, as well as showing signs of juddering or shuddering at low speeds and a light throttle.The cause is a bit harder to define, but Nissan dealers were removing the CVT’s cover and looking inside the unit to determine whether the steel drive belts had been slipping and showing signs of wear. If wear was detected, the best fix was a new CVT, but sometimes replacement of the unit’s valve body (which controls the CVT’s behaviour) was deemed sufficient.But we’ve also heard that some dealers were also flushing the CVT’s cooler, suggesting that the belt wear may have involved the belts shedding small metallic particles and contaminating the cooler. If that’s the case, it’s also conceivable that those same metallic particles could enter and cause damage to other parts of the CVT.Either way, you need to know for absolute certain that any CVT X-Trail you’re looking at has a full and complete service history.This version of the X-Trail has been almost free of safety recalls, but there are a couple to check for.The first was for cars built in 2014 that could have had a fuel pressure sensor that was not properly attached to the fuel system. If the sensor loosened over time, it could potentially cause a fuel leak under the bonnet.The second recall was for a batch of gas struts on the tailgate of X-Trails built between 2014 and 2016. A lack of the correct rust-proofing on these struts meant they could fail and would not support the weight of the tailgate when it was opened.A Nissan dealer will be able to check the VIN of your car and tell you whether it was affected and if it has been fixed or not. For more information, check out https://www.vehiclerecalls.gov.au/.Apart from that couple of recalls on early cars, there’s not much to separate one year’s production from another’s. With that in mind, buy on condition and kilometres travelled rather than a specific build date. And make sure any prospect has that all-important intact and complete service history.Nissan’s engines have long been considered pretty tough customers and able to go the distance. But that doesn’t change the cloud hanging over the CVT in many X-Trails. So, the best one to buy is an X-Trail with fewer, rather than more, kilometres.You do see high-milage examples for sale with upwards of 300,000km on board, but they’re the exception rather than the rule. That said, that’s probably because even the earliest T32 X-Trail is still only 12 years old, rather than any refusal to clock up more kilometres. Even so, finding a car with closer to 160,000km showing is probably the better bet.As with many second-hand cars, the price difference between the base-model and the flasher versions largely disappears over time. So, buying the up-spec variant now won’t cost much extra, but will get you better standard equipment levels and, potentially, safety. With that in mind, aim for the Ti version which had lane departure and lane-keeping assistance that lesser versions didn’t get until later in life.Very early T32s with 250,000km showing can be had for as little as $6000 to $8000. We reckon, however, that there’s a smaller risk in paying closer to high-teens for a 2016 or 2017 all-wheel-drive version with about 120,000km on the odometer.Nissan has a dealer network of 180 making it the fifth largest network in the country. Both regional and urban centres are pretty well served by that network, too. There’s also an army of independent workshops that specialise in Nissans, largely thanks to the great reputation the brand has forged in motorsport.Bricks and mortar parts stores and online sellers ensure that spare parts and replacement items are easy to source.It’s hard to know precisely how many T32 X-Trails Nissan sold in Australia over its eight-year model run. But it’s a fact that Nissan sold almost 18,000 of the things in the T32’s first full year on sale (2015). You still see plenty getting around as daily transport, too, so even though the competition got tougher as the years passed, the Nissan was still on a lot of people’s short lists. That’s why there are literally hundreds for sale second-hand today.

Given the way so many four-wheel drives have morphed into performance SUVs over the years, it’s no surprise Range Rover had its own take on a high-spec, high-stepping wagon. The difference being, of course, that with a Range Rover badge, the end result needed to be sporty(-ish) and capable of plugging through the worst forest tracks and trails imaginable.The product of that thinking became the Range Rover Sport.Although the badging and high-end interior materials said Range Rover, the platform with its semi-monocoque construction said Land Rover. Land Rover Discovery 3, to be precise. But when you started to explore the Sport’s on- and off-road abilities and its tremendous looking body, any misgivings might have been scratched.The range kicked off in Australia in 2005 as the L320 series and included a huge range of mechanical packages. They started with the 2.7TDV6 which used a 2.7 litre turbo-diesel V6 with a six-speed automatic. With 140kW performance was okay, but importantly, the L320 used a proper two-speed transfer-case with permanent four-wheel drive.There was also a 4.4-litre petrol V8 option with 220kW and a storming 4.2-litre supercharged petrol V8 with no less than 287kW at its disposal. Both of those also had six-speed automatic transmissions and all V8 models had a locking rear differential for more off-road prowess.A year after the model’s launch, Range Rover added a 3.6-litre twin-turbo diesel V8 model with 200kW.The Range Rover badge decreed that luxury could not be forgotten, so every version of the Sport featured 18-inch alloy wheels, dual-zone climate control, cruise control, LED lighting and leather upholstery. The 4.4-litre V8 version added a CD stacker, bi-xenon headlights, and rear parking sensors, while the diesel V8 carried the same specification but with 19-inch alloys. The supercharged Sport added 20-inch wheels, Brembo brakes, front parking sensors, memory seats and mirrors as well as hydraulically controlled anti-roll suspension.Air suspension was a much hyped part of the Sport deal with the (on-paper) ability to make the independent suspension work as if the vehicle had solid axles in tougher off-road settings.Range Rover gave the L320 a facelift (to Series 2 spec) in 2009 with new engines and improved suspension as well as interior improvements to make the driver’s job easier.The new engines started with a 3.0-litre turbo-diesel V6, while the V8s were replaced by a 5.0-litre petrol V8. Available in either naturally aspirated or supercharged form, the new V8s were good for 276kW and a massive 375kW.The model was eventually replaced in 2013 by the L494 model Range Rover Sport. The short answer is yes, and no.The Range Rover Sport is a pretty amazing thing dynamically, able to combine high-speed stability with good comfort and even exceptional off-road abilities. That’s the ‘yes’ part.The ‘no’ comes in the form of a litany of serious mechanical and electrical problems that have surfaced over the years, tainting the Sport’s reputation.This car is a classic case of buyer beware, but if you do get lucky and find one that is reliable, the driving experience is hard to match. The problem is picking a good one, because the odds aren’t great that it will be clear sailing. In a nutshell, not great. In fact, not even close. Too many owners have had expensive, often catastrophic failures to make any other judgment. The problems are wide and varied, too, so there’s no short-cut to finding one that won’t necessarily break the bank.The rusted-on fans out there will beg to differ, but the facts are the facts, and this vehicle’s a gamble at best. This is no short list and the Range Rover Sport’s reputation for fragility and dud engineering is based on many years of turning motorists into mechanics.Let’s start with the real elephant in the room, the 2.7 and 3.0 litre V6 turbo-diesels. These have a pretty shocking record for destroying themselves due to problems with the bottom end bearings. Speculation is that the bearings themselves were either fitted incorrectly at the factory, or that they could wear and 'spin' in service. Either way, once you hear the warning noises from under the bonnet, you had a handful of seconds to pull off the road, shut the engine off and call a tow-truck. Any longer and you were likely to destroy the engine completely as the crankshaft failed due to the bearing problem.Symptoms that you have those precious seconds remaining include a knocking noise that gets louder as you load the engine, and a low oil pressure warning on the dashboard. Ignore it and you’ll soon have the con-rods on the ground under the car. Not nice.Scandalously, despite this being a known problem affecting the very earliest L320 cars, it took Land Rover until 2012 to sort a fix with a revised bearing design.Early examples of this engine also had a major design flaw in the oil pump assembly which was too weak to support the tensioner for the rubber timing belt that was mounted on the pump casing. This often showed up straight after a new timing belt was fitted and the added tension of the new belt exceeded the integrity of the pump casing.At that point, all hell boke loose as the timing belt jumped ship, allowing the pistons to collide with the valves and reducing the engine to scrap in milli-seconds. A revised pump casing design fixed things, but not before plenty of owners were replacing entire engines.The single turbocharger unit fitted to the 2.7-litre V6 was also prone to internal wear. Lots of white smoke from the exhaust was a sign that this was the case. Replacing the turbocharger unit was the usual fix. EGR valve failures on this engine are not unknown, either.The 5.0-litre supercharged V8 was not without problems and it often developed a rattle or ticking noise. This was usually traced to the timing chain tensioner, requiring the tensioner and the timing chain to be replaced. An improved design of the chain and tensioner helped, but didn’t arrive until the 2012 model.The Sport’s air suspension has also caused its share of grief with many owners returning to their vehicle to find it lying almost flat on the ground. The cause is usually the air suspension’s compressor system which can either fail to maintain the required ride height or simply allow all the air to escape the suspension units. One theory holds that the compressor itself was too small and was overworked, leading to failures.We’ve also heard of a few instances where the suspension units themselves have failed requiring costly replacement. But even the plastic plumbing for the air suspension seems underdone in the sense of a car designed for off-road work.Those are by no means the only faults associated with this make and model, but they’re the ones that keep surfacing over time. None of them are minor. Again, this is a long list because the Range Rover Sport has been far from immune from safety recalls to fix things that should never have gone wrong.Let’s start with the transmission which could sometimes refuse to select Park. This affected very early build L320s.Then there was the ABS sensor which could chafe its wiring on the wheel under extreme cornering and suspension travel situations. Again, this affected early (2005 and 2006) models.Perhaps the recall with the greatest potential for mayhem was one for V6 turbo-diesel vehicles built between mid-2004 and mid-2009. In those, there was a chance the vacuum system and the entire braking system could fail, leading to a total loss of brake performance. And again, that’s an awful lot of cars to be affected by such a serious defect.The L320 was also recalled at various points in time to correct faulty crank angle sensors that would stop the engine in its tracks, door latches that wouldn’t (latch) and fuel pumps that could fail prematurely.You can find out more by visiting https://www.vehiclerecalls.gov.au/ Later built cars were definitely better than earlier-build examples, purely because Range Rover had time to sort things out (not that it always did). But the one vehicle we’d avoid would be the turbo-diesel in any of its forms as these were the ones with the dicky bottom end. This is a vehicle where the fewer kilometres covered, the better. That said, you do see the odd one with better than 400,000km on board still getting around, but it would be very interesting to find out how much of a grandfather’s axe it is. Those high-milers are also almost always turbo-diesel cars, too, but that’s as much a function of the fact that this vehicle arrived in Australia when diesel was the new black, and people were flocking to it. It’s very difficult to recommend this make and model unless you’re an expert in diagnosing and fixing them and don’t mind a bit of down time. The non-supercharged petrol V8 stands a better chance of going the distance, but even it lives in the shadow of air suspension failures and other maladies. A high-mileage turbo-diesel can be had for comfortably less than $10,000 these days. In fact, you see them advertised for as little as $5000 which still makes them a punt, but a much lower-stakes punt.There’s a wide spread of prices after that with something like a supercharged V8 version with 100,000km showing for between $45,000 and $50,000. The one thing in the Sport’s favour as a long-term proposition is the magnificent repair and parts industry that has sprung up around the brand. You could argue that’s a function of necessity to keep a flawed product on the road, but it also reflects the fanaticism the Range Rover brand has created for itself.There’s a legion of specialist workshops that know these vehicles backwards and can supply pretty much every part needed. Independent specialists are also usually a lot cheaper than Range Rover dealership repairs and servicing.The better news is that every time a Range Rover Sport is pensioned off or scrapped its parts help keep other Rangies on the road. There’s no way of knowing how many L320 Range Rover Sports were sold during the model’s eight years on sale. But we can tell you that the bigger online sales sites have between 50 and 140 L320s available for sale.The vast majority of those are turbo-diesel V6 variants.

A new entry-level engine is the big news in Ford's latest upgrade of the Ranger dual-cab. Gone is the old two-litre turbo-diesel with its twin turbochargers and 154kW, and in comes a simplified, unit with one less turbo and 29 fewer kiloWatts. But the pay off should be in long-term ownership cost. But what does that mean in the meantime? And does this make the V6 diesel even more attractive?